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发表于 11-9-2025 10:50 AM
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1946年，英国打算把马来半岛各地的行政统一方便统治。于是成立Malayan Union。
这个Malayan Union里，各苏丹没有统治权，只有宗教方面的权力而已，而且马来人和各族的地位平等。
马来人激烈反抗，终于在1948年，用Federation of Malaya 来取代。 这个马来亚联邦，基本上保留了苏丹的统治者地位和特权，以及马来人的政治优势，以及非马来人很难获得公民权。
第19(1)(d)条款明确规定：“The British Commissioner shall, in the exercise of his functions under this Agreement, have due regard to the special position of the Malays and the legitimate interests of other communities.”
A. H. (2015). Perlembagaan Malaysia: Isu dan Persoalan Hubungan Kaum. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
In the 1955 General Election (GE), UMNO and the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) formed an alliance (the Alliance Party or Parti Perikatan) and reaching a significant compromise. The Malays agreed that citizenship would be given to qualified Chinese, and in return, the Chinese agreed to recognise the special position of the Malays, the Malay language as the national language and Malay rulers as the constitutional monarch. The agreement was later extended to the Indians through the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) and was officially documented in the Alliance's manifesto for the election
1955年，马来亚联邦议会大选，其中46议席留给英国官员，其余52议席是由民主选举产生。当时的马华党为了胜选，和巫统结盟形成Alliance/ Perikatan。它们在竞选的时候，在竞选纲领里面写明了华人愿意为了得到公民权，而愿意承认马来人的特别地位和统治者特权。后来，这个Alliance/ Perikatan，在52议席里赢得51席，取得了代表多数马来亚民意，有资格代表马来亚提交马来亚人民的诉求。
然后，在1957年制宪的时候，这个胜选的联盟（Alliance/ Perikatan)提交了一份备忘录给制宪的Reid Commission，里面提到：
“While we accept that in independent Malaysia, all nationals should be accorded equal rights, privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race or creed, we recognize the fact that the Malays are the original sons of the soil and that they have a special position arising from this fact … The Constitution should therefore provide … powers to reserve for Malays a reasonable proportion of lands, posts in the public service, permits … Government scholarships … but … any exercise of such powers should not in any way infringe the legitimate interests of the other communities or adversely affect or diminish the rights and opportunities at present enjoyed by them.”
简单来说，华人代表也是同意的，简单来说，就是要求自己的基本权益得到保障下，愿意接受给于马来人和统治者的等多的特权。
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