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发表于 16-12-2008 05:57 PM
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几时搞个垃圾回收,做做环保  |
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发表于 16-12-2008 06:00 PM
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和马来国处于同一级数的阿根廷 安耐不住推出一揽子的振兴计划
马来国在等什么鸟 ?
阿根廷320亿美元投资计划旨在增加就业 2008-12-16
阿根廷15日宣布总额达1110亿比索(约合320亿美元)长期的战略性投资计划。阿根廷总统预计该计划将使阿根廷建筑业的就业人口从目前的45万人增加到78万人。
阿根廷公共工程国务秘书何塞·洛佩斯当天在阿根廷总统官邸举行的新闻发布会上宣布,阿根廷政府规划的公共投资项目总额高达1110亿比索(约合320亿美元),其中710亿比索(约205.8亿美元)的资金来源已经确定,政府正在筹措另外四百亿比索的项目资金。
洛佩斯说,“阿根廷公共工程计划”中60%的项目资金将投入基础设施建设和改善民生的公共工程,另外40%的资金则将投资于能源和公共交通。所有公共工程项目都将进行公开招标,阿政府在招标前将为每个项目设定所能接受的最高价。
阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜说,这些大规模的公共投资项目和阿政府最近出台的一系列振兴经济的紧急计划不同,是属于长期的战略性投资计划,旨在提高阿根廷的经济竞争力和改善民众生活。
她预计这些项目将使阿根廷建筑业的就业人口从目前的45万人增加到78万人。
受全球金融危机的影响,连续多年高速增长的阿根廷经济出现了明显的下滑迹象,预计今年的经济增长速度在6%左右,明年将进一步下滑到3%。为此,阿政府推出大规模的公共投资和经济振兴计划,并采取了促进海外资金回流、刺激民众消费和鼓励企业雇佣正式员工等一系列措施。 |
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发表于 16-12-2008 07:05 PM
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转载。。。
PS:建议你save这presentation起来。
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Eric Eldon | October 10th, 2008
Silicon Valley has been trying to digest news of a secret meeting held by top venture firm Sequoia Capital earlier this week. At the meeting, leading Sequoia partners laid out bleak short and long-term scenarios for the world economy — and strong medicine for the firm’s portfolio companies.
Notes from the presentation have since been leaking out. Now, a very kind anonymous tipster has sent in the slides used at the meeting. Because it matches previously-leaked information, we’re assuming it’s real.
Among other things, the “RIP: Good Times” gravestone we heard about is included (pictured). Take a look for yourselves — there’s lots of detail about what went wrong in the economy, why the recovery is going to take awhile, and what startups can do to survive.
Here’s the presentation:
http://venturebeat.com/2008/10/1 ... get-your-copy-here/
转载。。。
Now is the time to start panicking: Sequoia
Sequoia Capital, arguably Silicon Valley’s most prestigious VC firm (they were the first investors in both Yahoo and Google) called a crisis meeting today of its portfolio companies, preaching that the entire industry is facing an abyss.
According to reports of the meeting, first reported by GigaOm, and confirmed by VentureBeat, attendees were greeted by a gravestone with “RIP Good Times” written on it. The meeting lasted several hours, and attendees were given a bleak message, including things could get a lot worse than people think, and it will be a more protracted downturn.
Companies were told that they must immediately cut costs, and to figure out ways to survive and emerge at the other end of this downturn, which could last years. Speakers discussed ways of cutting costs across various sections of each business.
Om Malik points out that Sequoia has held an identical meeting before: right before the first tech boom went bust.
There’s opportunities and risks in this marketplace, as we’ve covered previously, and this could be a case of Sequoia being overly cautious, after all, it’s better to make these calls now and prepare for the worst, rather than waiting for it to happen. However, who am I to argue with a team like Sequoia. The sky is falling. Start panicking.
http://www.inquisitr.com/4839/now-is-the-time-to-start-panicking-sequoia/
Sequoia has emergency meeting, tells startups to try to survive downturn
Eric Eldon | October 8th, 2008
Leading Silicon Valley venture firm Sequoia held an emergency meeting yesterday to tell its portfolio companies to get ready for the worst, GigaOm is reporting and which we’ve confirmed from multiple sources. To drive the point home, startups were greeted at the gathering with a grave stone that said “RIP: Good Times.”
Many Silicon Valley companies have been wondering how — or if — the larger economic crisis may affect them. This is perhaps the surest sign yet that there’s no “if.” It comes at a time when Ron Conway, Silicon Valley’s most prominent angel investors, sent a similar warning to his own companies. Conway was burned badly by the last downturn, and it took him years to claw out of it.
“It was scary,” one Sequoia-backed chief executive told us about the Sequoia meeting, attended by scores of his peers. It lasted several hours, and the message was bleak. The speakers and presentation were to be kept confidential. Things could get a lot worse than people think, and it will be a “more protracted downturn,” Sequoia partners told its companies. “They were not fear-mongering,” one chief executive told us. “They were smart speakers. Sequoia runs on specifics, they’re very data driven.”
Startups are being told to cut expenses, and somehow survive a downturn that the firm thinks may last years. This wasn’t just general advice — presenting partners went through various components of company operations and specified how to cut.
The firm has a track record of bust survival not unlike its scarred but still-surviving namesakes up in the Sierra Nevadas. Last time, in the late 1990s, Sequoia partner Michael Moritz helped drive the firm to raise a fund devoted specifically to invest in late-stage companies — those about to go public. Sequoia hoped to partake of the IPO bonanza at the time, but then the stock market fell off the cliff in April 2000, and Sequoia’s investments in risky companies like eToys, Scient and Webvan plunged with it. That fund performed poorly, but Sequoia’s subsequent massive successes in other companies, such as Google, has let Sequoia thrive. Moritz, who reportedly helped lead the meeting yesterday, is likely to be more conservative this time.
Sequoia held a similar meeting when the last Silicon Valley bubble burst, as GigaOm’s Om Malik points out.
Sequoia’s recent investments include companies like Loopt and Admob, both of which took home prizes for top companies at our MobileBeat event. We’ve written about dozens of others in these pages, including Dropbox, Funny or Die, Meebo, Plaxo, RockYou, Aricent and Trulia. (Full list of Sequoia companies is here).
We’ve reached out to the firm for comment and will update with more information as we get it.
Link
[ 本帖最后由 Mr.Business 于 16-12-2008 07:12 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 16-12-2008 07:36 PM
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原帖由 goodluck88 于 16-12-2008 05:31 PM 发表 
市场越来越不理智了。。。。
这么严重的欺诈案,亏损,公司面临倒闭,竟然反映不到在股市上。。。
不能说他们不理智。在期待今晚的FED降息,希望有炒风。
散户就是这么愚蠢,永远等最后一刻。
通常降息后的一个星期,才会大跌。可以找网友制作一些图表看看。 |
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发表于 16-12-2008 11:26 PM
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FR降个半毫子有什么用?难到这样就可以打救经济?
[ 本帖最后由 tanhy 于 16-12-2008 11:46 PM 编辑 ] |
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发表于 17-12-2008 01:03 AM
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大事不好 !!
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海上大油田惹祸 印尼大马纷纷增兵争议海域 2008-12-16
印度尼西亚同马来西亚之间最近围绕安巴拉特海域的主权争端再次走向白热化。两国纷纷派遣海空力量前往该海域巡逻,宣示对安巴拉特海域拥有主权。实际上,近年来,两国为强化对该海域的争夺,持续升级本国的海空力量,并不断进行演习。
两国增兵争议海域
据《世界新闻报》报道,印尼空军10日已将一架F-16战斗机从东爪哇省的驻地调至南苏拉威西省乌戎潘当市的苏尔坦·哈桑丁空军基地,目的要强化印尼政府对安巴拉特海域的主权。目前,该空军基地还部署有数架其他型号的战机,而F-16战斗机的到来,无疑将有助于加强印尼军方对苏拉威西岛北部的安巴拉特海域的管控,以及应对突发事件的能力。与此同时,印尼海军方面最近也增派了6艘军舰进驻安巴拉特海域,以应付马来西亚军力。这使得在该海域附近活动的印尼军舰数量从原来的5艘增加到11艘。
马来西亚方面也不甘示弱。9日,马来西亚空军司令阿里芬在接受媒体采访时表示,马国从俄罗斯引进的18架苏-30MKM战斗机正在按照已经达成的时间表交付,未来还有6架将进入马空军的战斗序列。马来西亚副总理尤索普也对外强调,尽管该国从欧洲直升机公司采购12架“美洲狮”直升机的计划暂时遭到冻结,但政府一旦拥有充足的资金,将立即推动该采购计划。马国内媒体认为,马政府不断采取措施,加强空中力量建设,同安巴拉特海域的主权争端不无关系。
沉寂多时的安巴拉特海域争端近期成为东南亚地区关注的焦点,是因近期印尼国内政坛又开始公开讨论该海域主权归属问题。日前,在一次听证会上,某些议员问到了该海域防务问题,国防部长尤沃诺警告马来西亚勿在该海域挑衅,三军总司令佐柯山托索也指控马国武装力量仍经常侵犯印度尼西亚领土尤其是印度尼西亚拥有主权的安巴拉特海域。这些言论再次引起了马政府的强烈不满。
“都是石油惹的祸”
印马这两个东盟邻国在领海和领土存在多起纠纷已经有数十年的历史,两国关系时好时坏。在2005年3月,两国差点因安巴拉特海域的主权归属问题兵戈相向。究其原因,双方都在觊觎该海域所蕴藏的丰富石油资源。
印尼政府高级官员曾对媒体承认,两国围绕安巴拉特海域的主权纷争最初是因为国际石油公司利益纠纷所引起的。英荷壳牌公司1999年从印尼获得了对该海域海底石油的经营开发权,是以和印尼国营石油公司按利益分成的惯例办法从印尼政府获得了这一项目的。但因该公司在钻了第一口油井后发现是口“枯井”,深感失望,于2001年10月把这一开发权转让给了意大利的恩尼公司。
当年年底,恩尼公司在这一地区进行勘探,打了两口井,竟然意外地发现了丰富的地下储量。2004年12月,印尼政府又向美国的优尼科石油公司颁发了在临近的东安巴拉特区域开发权,使得这一地区受到格外青睐。然而,英荷壳牌公司不甘心就此退出,后来试图再度挤进这一区域开发,并为此通过马来西亚国家石油公司获得了授权,自然也就把两国也牵入这一纠纷。
正是由于安巴拉特海域海底丰富的石油,使得印马两国各不相让,并在国内民族主义情绪的刺激下,双方不断围绕该海域发生各种摩擦。 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 06:34 AM
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NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- In its latest effort to try and stimulate the U.S. economy, the Federal Reserve cut its key interest rate to a range of between zero percent and 0.25%, and said it expects to keep rates near that unprecedented low level for some time to come.
The central bank typically sets a specific target for its federal funds rate instead of a range. The rate had previously been at 1% and this marks the first time the Fed has cut rates below 1%. Most investors were expecting the Fed to cut rates to either 0.25% or 0.5%.
The federal funds rate is an overnight lending rate used as a benchmark to set rates for a variety of loans, including adjustable rate mortgages, credit cards, home equity lines of credit and business loans. This marks the tenth time it has cut rates in the last 15 months.
Several banks announced they were lowering their prime rate to 3.25% in light of the Fed's decision. Typically, the prime rate is 3 percentage points higher than the fed funds rate. It was 4% before Tuesday's rate cut.
Despite the dramatic nature of the Fed's move, some economists questioned whether it will have much effect on the economy. They said the problem for consumers and businesses right now is not the cost of borrowing, but the availability of credit and the weaker economic fundamentals.
"Lowering rates to this level is purely a psychological move made to send the message that the Fed is committed to righting the sinking economic ship," said Rich Yamarone, director of economic research at Argus Research. He noted the previous rate cuts did little to stop home and auto sales from plunging.
Running out of arrows
There are some concerns that taking the fed funds rate so close to zero leaves the Fed with little room for additional moves if the economy does not start to show signs of improvement soon.
But the Fed said in a statement that it is looking at different steps it can take to stimulate the economy and keep market rates low, including the purchases of long-term U.S. Treasury notes. The Fed also said it will consider other, yet to be disclosed moves as well.
"The Federal Reserve will continue to consider ways of using its balance sheet to further support credit markets and economic activity," the Fed said.
A senior Fed official who briefed reporters after the announcement said the Fed set a range for the rate rather than give a specific number as an acknowledgement that it has trouble precisely controlling the rate at a time when rates are this low.
The effective rate, which is based on market trades of Treasurys and excess reserve balances between banks on a daily basis, has been regularly slipping below the Fed's stated rate for a couple of months now.
Asked why the Fed didn't go ahead and the cut the rate to 0%, the Fed official said keeping the rate a little above zero would make the credit markets run more smoothly.
John Silvia, chief economist at Wachovia, said he thinks the said it is possible that the effective fed funds rate could even fall below zero on occasion and the Fed can "live with that" because the central bank is "going to do whatever it takes" to prevent the economy from deteriorating further.
Kevin Giddis, managing director of fixed income at Morgan Keegan, said he was surprised by the move. Like many investors, he had expected that the Fed would only cut the rate to 0.5%.
"I didn't think they would be this aggressive. I thought they'd keep something left in the quiver," he said.
Worries about deflation
In explaining the reason behind the rate cut, the Fed said the U.S. economy, which has officially been in a recession for a year, was in danger of getting weaker, and that the risk of inflation had decreased "appreciably."
Earlier Tuesday, the Labor Department reported that the Consumer Price Index, its key inflation measure, fell by a record 1.7% in November. In fact, some economists are growing more worried about deflation.
One economist pointed out that there was a notable change between Tuesday's statement and the one it issued when it last cut rates in October that suggested to him the Fed is concerned about deflation, the phenomenon of drastically lower prices that can hurt the economy.
In October, the Fed said it expected inflation would drop "to levels consistent with price stability." On Tuesday, those five words were not in the statement and the Fed just said it expects inflation to "moderate further."
"To me, they're looking at deflation now," said Jeoff Hall, the chief U.S. economist for Thomson Reuters-IFR Markets. "There's no looking back at inflation."
The senior Fed official said, however, that deflation is not a major concern of the Fed. But the official said the Fed would continue to monitor prices and respond as necessary.
Typically, the Fed raises rates to fight inflation and lowers them to encourage spending my making borrowing more affordable. The central bank has dual goals of promoting economic growth and price stability.
Other central banks, notably the Bank of Japan, have taken interest rates down to near the 0% level in the past. Last week, the Swiss central bank cut its key lending rate to 0.5%.
First Published: December 16, 2008: 2:29 PM ET |
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发表于 17-12-2008 06:36 AM
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NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- It wasn't that long ago that the dollar was strengthening against the once-mighty euro, leading anyone that could still afford a plane ticket to Paris to celebrate that they could suddenly get more baguettes for their buck.
But what a difference a Fed rate cut and more bailouts make. Since the Fed lowered rates to 1% in late October, the euro has gained 10% against the greenback.
During that time frame, the government has also been forced to essentially print more money to help pay for several new initiatives aimed at boosting the flagging economy.
Well, guess what? The Fed cut interest rates again on Tuesday to a target of between 0% and 0.25%. And the government is likely to add more to the bailout tally before the end of the year with an emergency loan to keep General Motors (GM, Fortune 500) and Chrysler LLC from bankruptcy.
So what will this do to the dollar? Is it possible that it could once again slip to the all-time low it hit against the euro back in July when oil prices were at record levels?
Talkback: Are you worried by the dollar's recent pullback?
That may not be likely anytime soon. Even after factoring in the euro's recent spike -- it jumped to about $1.413 after the rate cut Tuesday -- the euro is about 12% below its peak of $1.6038.
Brian Dolan, chief currency strategist at online currency trading site Forex.com, said that he thinks that the dollar is probably fairly valued between $1.35 and $1.40.
But he said that it's possible the euro could strengthen further, possibly to $1.45, because even though some think the Fed may eventually even lower interest rates to zero, the European Central Bank has hinted that it may keep rates steady at its next meeting in January instead of cutting them again. The ECB slashed its key lending rate to 2.5% earlier this month.
"The U.S. has been more proactive and aggressive in attempts to support the economy while Europe has been viewed more as dragging its heels," Dolan said.
Along those lines, another currency strategist suggested that the euro could even approach $1.50 once it becomes more evident that the ECB is going to pause.
"Once we get a clear sense that the ECB is done cutting interest rates, then the dollar will be under more pressure," said Ashraf Laidi, chief market strategist with CMC Markets, a currency brokerage.
Dolan said that one key reason the dollar had rallied against the euro in the late summer and early part of the fall was that even with the credit crisis starting to take hold, the U.S. was still viewed as more of a safe haven than Europe. But as more and more data point to an increasingly ugly picture for the U.S. economy, that may no longer be the case.
"A lot of the dollar's strength of the past few months was defensive and not sustainable so that's part of the reason for the giveback against the euro," Dolan said. "The real driver now is how bleak the assessment for the economic outlook will be. Investors are trading more on sentiment than any kind of absolute interest rate levels."
Still, Laidi said that the combination of super-low interest rates and all the money that the government will need to borrow to pay for bailouts, fiscal stimulus and other programs to boost the economy is likely to lead to further declines for the greenback versus both the euro and Japanese yen.
The yen has gained ground against the dollar in the past month and a half, but not as much as the euro. Its increased about 2% since late October. But the yen is up 23% versus the dollar year-to-date.
Laidi explains that the yen is benefiting since Japan, which also has low interest rates, is viewed as a better place to park money than the U.S. right now because Japan's budget deficit, as a percentage of its gross domestic product, is lower than that of the U.S.
Add all that up and this makes the yen, as well as the euro, more attractive than the dollar for the short-term.
"Today's Fed rate cut is one step closer to zero percent for interest rates. The U.S. budget deficit combined with falling interest rates is a negative for the dollar. It makes selling the dollar the path of last resistance," Laidi said.
To be sure, there are some benefits to a weaker dollar. It may help boost profits at huge multinational companies like General Electric (GE, Fortune 500), Procter & Gamble (PG, Fortune 500) and Coca-Cola (KO, Fortune 500), to name a few.
But a sagging greenback also tends to lead to higher prices for imported goods. That could trigger another bump in commodity prices, such as oil.
Eventually, a weak dollar may also force long-term bond yields higher in order to make them attractive enough to foreign investors. If that happens, that could lead to higher rates for variety of consumer loans.
So it's probably not encouraging to see the dollar slowly drifting back up again. In this economy, consumers simply can't afford another piece of bad news that will hit them in the pocketbook |
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发表于 17-12-2008 07:03 AM
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美国终于也面临类似日本零利率的时候。钱大量的印,利率接近零,美元该来个重跌了。 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 07:28 AM
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原帖由 cct2048 于 17-12-2008 01:03 AM 发表 
马来西亚副总理尤索普
谁来的。。。?????? |
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发表于 17-12-2008 07:46 AM
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原帖由 Genghiss 于 17-12-2008 07:03 AM 发表 美国终于也面临类似日本零利率的时候。钱大量的印,利率接近零,美元该来个重跌了。
FR说他将“用尽一全部方法”来刺激经济
不知道还有什么绝招还没有出
对我来说,唯一最有效的就是叫美国佬缩紧肚皮过冬天 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 08:48 AM
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世紀大騙局恐引發贖回潮‧對沖基金雪上加霜
國際財經 2008-12-16 18:45
(美國‧紐約)“世紀大騙局”震撼全球,多國的大型銀行俱被蒙受損失,證券界指出,騙案可能觸發投資者沽售資產套現,特別是對衝基金,對資金市場構成壓力。
前美國自動報價市場(NASDAQ)主席莫道夫涉嫌詐騙500億美元的事件,成為國際頭條,國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)總幹事也批評,美國的監管機構在事件中監管不力。
紐約Solaris資管公司首席投資員格里斯基(Tim Ghriskey)認為,部份投資者可能因應今次事件,寧願將所有投資套現,保留現金傍身。
《瘋狂、恐慌與崩盤:金融危機史》作者之一、芝加哥大學商學所教授艾力伯(Robert Aliber)也表示,受到世界大騙局的影響,對衝基金業贖回潮可能加劇。
和另一作者金德爾伯格(Charles Kindleberger)研究4個世紀來金融風暴的艾力伯說:“這會動搖投資人的信心,降低投資人對其他對衝基金業的信託感,他們只要求現,看看這些傢伙能不能變現,這可以說就像銀行的擠兌。”
莫道夫所經營的雖不是對衝基金,但他遭控的罪行恐加速投資人撤出規模1.3兆美元對衝基金市場。據摩根士丹利估計,今年贖回金額恐達4000億美元。
據對衝基金研究機構統計,對衝基金11月30日為止平均衰減18%,是1990年有此統計以來最大跌幅。
據《彭博社》和其他媒體統計,企業、個人、基金會已披露投資莫道夫的資金合計240億美元。這種吸金詐騙模式是,先前投資人的報酬由後來投資人的資金支付,直到付不出現金為止。
週日(12月14日)至今,包括英國、法國、西班牙及意大利最大銀行-匯豐銀行(HSBC)、法國巴黎銀行(BNP Paribas)、西班牙國家銀行(Banco Santander)及意大利聯合信貸(UniCredit),加上日本最大券商野村控股(Nomura)、全球最大上市對衝基金Man Group plc,以及其他瑞士及法國金融機構,陸續公佈因莫道夫詐欺案的曝險部位,累計已達100億美元,規模令市場震驚,而且還有眾多德國及美國的金融機構尚未公宣佈曝險細節。 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 03:24 PM
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2009年金融风暴影响下
中国和越南依然经济大幅度成长
风暴下的中流砥柱 越南明年经济成长6.5% 2008-12-17
据美国国际贸易委员会数据,越南今年1-10月对美国的出口贸易额增长21%至105亿美元,同期中国只有6%的增长。越南政府支持本国出口业,并希望能藉此刺激明年经济成长6.5%。
金融风暴影响全球,海运市场运费成本持续下降。日益低廉的海运成本便是越南出口背后一大助力。越南的对美国的出口贸易额同样优于泰国和印度尼西亚等东亚其他国家。
越南最大基金公司 Dragon Capital 首席经济专家Scott Robertson 认为在全球经济衰退的第一年里,越南出口的表现会出乎意料地好。由于低成本、高利润,电子配件也将成为越南出口的重要商品。
12月10日一报告并显示,越南出口廉价纺织品所获得的利润大于其竞争对手。全球消费环境低迷,高价消费主导的情况可能将发生变化,越南很有机会提升其市占率。该国纺织品和服装协会早前曾表示将高度重视对美国的出口订单。美国正经历布什和欧巴马政府过渡时期,市场将出现许多机会和挑战。
另据报道,越南9月对美国的家具出口上升19%至11.9亿美元,鞋袜商品则升15%至10.1亿美元。今年1-10月的原油价格比去年同期增长 60%,在此情况下,该国石油出口额更飙升 72%至5.69亿美元。10月水产出口也增长7%至6.10亿美元。
不过,咖啡出口仅达2.66亿美元,涨幅2%,低于9月的5%。近期全球商品价格下降,导致这部分受到影响。另一方面,美国10月对越南出口上升 69%至23.4亿美元,较9月的 83%有所下降。对越南的汽车出口则大涨 80%至3.01亿美元。
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发表于 17-12-2008 07:08 PM
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http://biz.sinchew-i.com/node/18969
危機爆發原因掃描
要明白次貸、信貸緊縮與金融海嘯非常令人“頭大”,《大紀元》轉載至互聯網論壇“5分鐘讓你明白金融危機爆發原因”,或者能讓你更易理出頭緒來:
一、槓桿
目前,許多投資銀行為了賺取暴利,採用20至30倍槓桿操作,假設一個銀行A自身資產為30億,30倍槓桿就是900億。
也就是說,這家銀行A以30億資產為抵押去借900億的資金用於投資,假如投資盈利5%,那麼A就獲得45億的盈利,相對於A自身資產而言,這是150%的暴利。
反過來,假如投資虧損5%,那麼銀行A賠光了自己的全部資產,還欠15億。
二、CDS合約
由於槓桿操作高風險,所以按照正常的規定,銀行不宜進行這樣的冒險操作。所以就有人想出一個辦法,把槓桿投資拿去做“保險”。這種保險就叫信用違約交換(Credit Default Swap,簡稱CDS)。
比如,銀行A為了逃避槓桿風險就找到了機構B。機構B可能是另一家銀行,也可能是保險公司,諸如此類。A對B說,你幫我的貸款做違約保險怎麼樣,我每年付你保險費5000萬,連續10年,總共5億,假如我的投資沒有違約,那麼這筆保險費你就白拿了,假如違約,你要為我賠償。A想,如果不違約,我可以賺45億,這裡面拿出5億用來做保險,我還能淨賺40億。如果有違約,反正有保險來賠。所以對A而言這是一筆只賺不賠的生意。
B是一個精明的人,沒有立即答應A的邀請,而是回去做了一個統計分析,發現違約的情況不到1%。如果做100家的生意,總計可以拿到500億的保險金,如果其中一家違約,賠償額最多不過50億,即使兩家違約,還能賺400億。A、B雙方都認為這筆買賣對自己有利,因此立即拍板成交,皆大歡喜。
三、CDS市場
B做了這筆保險生意之後,C在旁邊眼紅了。C就跑到B那邊說,你把這100個CDS賣給我怎麼樣,每個合同給你2億,總共200億。B想,我的400億要10年才能拿到,現在一轉手就有200億,而且沒有風險,何樂而不為,因此B和C馬上就成交了。
這樣一來,CDS就像股票一樣流到了金融市場之上,可以交易和買賣。實際上C拿到這批CDS之後,並不想等上10年再收取200億,而是把它掛牌出售,標價220億;D看到這個產品,算了一下,400億減去220億,還有180億可賺,這是“原始股”,不算貴,立即買了下來。一轉手,C賺了20億。從此以後,這些CDS就在市場上反覆的炒,現在CDS的市場總值已經炒到62兆美元。
四、次貸
上面A、B、C、D、E、F....都在賺大錢,那麼這些錢到底從那裡冒出來的呢?根本上說,這些錢來自A以及同A相彷的投資人的盈利。而他們的盈利大半來自美國的次級貸款。
次貸主要是給了普通的美國房產投資人,這些人的經濟實力本來只夠買自己的一套住房,但是看到房價快速上漲,動起房產投機的主意。他們把自己的房子抵押出去,貸款買投資房。這類貸款利息要在8至9%以上,憑他們自己的收入很難應付,不過他們可以繼續把房子抵押給銀行,借錢付利息,空手套白狼。
此時A很高興,他的投資在為他賺錢;B也很高興,市場違約率很低,保險生意可以繼續做;後面的C、D、E、F等等都跟著賺錢。
五、次貸危機
房價漲到一定的程度就漲不上去了,後面沒人接盤。此時房產投機人急得像熱鍋上的螞蟻。房子賣不出去,高額利息要不停的付,終於到了走頭無路的一天,把房子甩給了銀行。此時違約就發生了。A開始感到一絲遺憾,大錢賺不了,不過也虧不到那裡,反正有B做保險。B也不擔心,反正保險已經賣給了C。
那麼現在這份CDS保險在那裡呢,在G手裡。G剛從F手裡花了300億買下了100個CDS,還沒來得及轉手,突然接到消息,這批CDS被降級,其中有20個違約,大大超出原先估計的1%到2%的違約率。每個違約要支付50億的保險金,總共支出達1000億。加上300億CDS收購費,G的虧損總計達1300億。雖然G是全美排行前10名的大機構,也經不起如此巨大的虧損。因此G瀕臨倒閉。
六、金融危機
如果G倒閉,那麼A花費5億買的保險就泡了湯,更糟糕的是,由於A採用槓桿原理投資,根據前面的分析,A賠光全部資產也不夠還債。因此A立即面臨破產的危險。除了A之外,還有A2,A3、...A20,統統要準備倒閉。
因此G、A、A2、...A20一起來到美國財政部長面前,一把鼻涕一把眼淚地遊說,G萬萬不能倒閉,它一倒閉大家都完了。財政部長心一軟,就把G給國有化了,此後A、...A20的保險金總計1000億美元全部由美國納稅人支付。
七、美元危機
上面講到的100個CDS的市場價是300億,而CDS市場總值是62兆。假設其中有10%的違約,就有6兆的違約CDS。這個數字是300億的200倍。如果說美國收購價值300億的CDS之後要賠出1000億。那麼對於剩下的那些違約CDS,美國就要賠出20兆。
如果不賠,就要看著A20、A21、A22等等一個接一個倒閉。無論採取甚麼措施,美元大貶值已經不可避免。 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 10:12 PM
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发表于 17-12-2008 10:46 PM
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发表于 17-12-2008 10:56 PM
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美国国债进入负收益率时代
2008年12月16日 09:20全景网-证券时报【大 中 小】 【打印】
资金是有时间价值的,理论上时间价值是正的,不可能是负的。因为要是负的,还不如拿着现金。投入100元,收回99.9元的事情,谁干了?
不过,真有人买了!12月9日,美国3个月国债收益率在交易时段一度跌至-0.02%~-0.01%。国债流动性再好也比不上现金,好好的拿着100元3个月后还是100元,干嘛去买国债3个月后变成99.9元,市场错了吗?还是理论错了?
市场没错,理论也没错。
作为银行,现金可以存放在美联储,作为超额准备金保证流动性,特别现在是它们最需要现金的时候,大概不会做出此等“傻事”。那么,做出这“傻事”的很可能是企业或国外机构了。原因如下:
第一,如果是几十万现金还可以放在保险柜,但要是几千万上亿甚至上十亿现金,往哪放啊?还得很大保管成本。
第二,既然保险柜解决不了问题,那就存银行吧。但问题是,现在连花旗都出现问题了,而联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)对每个账户的最高保障金额仅为10万美元。
这就成就了流动性仅次于现金的短期国债收益率接近零甚至出现负收益率的情况。
事实上,历史上也出现过类似情况。第一次出现是在上世纪30年代末40年代初的美国;第二次出现在1998年11月,当时日本6个月国债收益率-0.004%;现在发生的是第三次。
这三次负利率的情况,背景均是国内经济环境差、走向通缩从而使得利率处于极低水平,特别是短期利率接近零。但促使负利率的出现,关键在于大型投资者急需安全方便的价值存储工具,在银行普遍面临困境的时候,短期国债无疑是最佳 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 11:02 PM
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环球邮报:老布什脱口说出了实话 西方为何仍曲解中国
2008年12月17日 09:49中青在线-青年参考【大 中 小】 【打印】
加拿大《环球邮报》12月13日文章:老布什脱口说出了实话,西方为何仍然相当曲解中国 作者 [加拿大] Tom Grimmer译者 小河
中国的崛起催生了许多有趣的现象。其中之一就是经常出现的对中国的歪曲看法,夹杂着敬畏、贪婪和恐惧等。
我在琢磨如何概括中国实施开放政策的30年,没想到老布什让我省却了麻烦。不久前在接受中国官方报纸《中国日报》采访时,他说:“我想这不成问题,今天的中国人比以前更自由。现在美国仍有一些人对此感到不理解,他们仍把中国人看作一帮共产主义者。”
这是一个老者不经意间脱口说出的话。但这是事实;西方仍然相当曲解中国。而且,这些话被登在一家中国报纸上。没错,《中国日报》是一份发行量小的报纸,但这些话能够见报这一事实,就足以说明自老布什首次踏足这里以来,中国变化何其之大。那时它当然是一个共产主义国家。那现在呢?
30年前的12月不仅改变中国
34年前,老布什先生到北京接掌美国驻华联络处,中国在这之后的4年才开始真正改变。分水岭事件是中国共产党第十一届三中全会。这次会议于1978年12月闭幕,也就是30年前的这个月。很少有人会想到那次会议上平淡无奇的讲话,将改变的不仅是中国还有世界。
当时毛泽东已去世两年多,一场权力斗争在激烈上演。最终邓小平胜出,中国的政治版图发生改变,开放政策诞生了。那个月还发生了其他事情:美国和中国宣布正式建立外交关系;波音公司首次向人民共和国出售飞机;可口可乐将进入中国。
30年以后,我们都知道了邓先生所开启的一切。如今,我们几乎可以背诵一连串惊人的统计数字:世界第四大经济体,每年4000万互联网新用户,6亿手机用户,两万亿美元外汇储备以及地球上最大的水泥消耗国。这个国家为消除贫困而付出了历史上最大规模的努力。是的,这一切我们都有所耳闻。但不知何故,知道这些并不等于能公正评判这个国家。
我在邓先生复出7年后的1985年秋天来到中国,当时我受雇于中国一家“单位”。中国同事住在公家提供的没水暖的平房,他们骑旧自行车,期盼着每年坐火车到外省看望父母的时刻。办护照几乎不可能,阅读某些有外国新闻的报纸还得获批准。现在他们有了自己的住房,许多人有了车,他们还上网预订去国外度假旅行。最令人吃惊的是,他们似乎没有发现这种变化是在不到一代人时间里发生的。 |
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发表于 17-12-2008 11:04 PM
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环球邮报:老布什脱口说出了实话 西方为何仍曲解中国(2)
2008年12月17日 09:49中青在线-青年参考【大 中 小】 【打印】
CNN的新闻片段说明什么 中国的崛起催生了许多有趣的现象。其中之一就是经常出现的对中国的歪曲看法,夹杂着敬畏、贪婪和恐惧等。
敬畏中国是因为这个国家如此巨大、如此古老、如此厚重,弥漫着经久不息的神秘气息。贪婪来自于认为中国奇迹能给我们带来好处:我们能卖给他们资源,我们能在那里更便宜地生产,我们能利用那里被认为无穷无极的消费市场。最终还有恐惧:如果他们不仅想买我们的石油和矿产,还想买我们的公司,那怎么办?
由于金融危机,这种对中国的矛盾态度如今达到了顶点。英国《经济学家》杂志几周前问道:“中国能拯救世界吗?”30年前,这是一个经济瘫痪的国家,但现在我们指望中国的发动机能使全球经济持续运转。
但是,尽管有关中国的报道铺天盖地,但我从大多数初次到访中国的人听到的是“我不知道”。不管什么原因,中国开放30年后,西方人不能完全理解它,除非他们身在此地。
问题部分在于国际媒体对中国报道的“天性”和调子。有一天CNN播放了一个有关中国高尔夫学校的节目,节目中途就出来了“老掉牙的机器”(指传统西方媒体)如此热爱的陈腐共产主义形象:一个有关毛泽东在搞巡查的麻点密布的新闻片断,画外音说高尔夫这种资产阶级爱好在中国曾被禁止,最近再次有呼声要求限制高尔夫球场建设。
这或许说得没错,他们曾禁止这些娱乐,我们都知道。但新闻片断中毛泽东根本不在高尔夫球场附近,而现在想限制高尔夫的原因很简单:高尔夫球场占用农田,用掉太多的水。就这样。
外国期望与中国现实的脱节
当然,中国存在根深蒂固的问题。比如贫富差距拉大、环境问题和千疮百孔的社会保障网。在中国,现在你碰到的几乎所有人都会坦率承认这些问题,这正是我1985年初到中国时与现在的不同。
政治和经济是外国的期望与中国现实脱节最大的两个领域。无论如何,在我们有生之年中国都不会成为一个西方式的“自由民主”国家,它的制度不论怎么演变或许都不会适合西方的品味。认了吧。
至于经济,只需想想中国是什么制度,为什么它能做到在如此短的时间内,创造如此巨大的财富?国家资本主义以及充满活力的私有部门的组合,是有效的财富创造者。比起10年前,今日中国国有企业越来越少,但它们比以前国有企业更精简,拥有良好资产负债表,更重要的是,它们能赢利。
这让外国人感到不自在。他们想像密室中坐满了共产党干部在策划统治世界,他们想像密室里坐满了西装革履者,在商讨他们的公司如何控制走下坡路的公司。这些都是有实力的大公司,他们当中一些想在世界舞台上施展手脚。如果你想跟他们玩,你必须与政治达成协议。每当中国主权财富基金中国投资公司表示有意收购某公司,都会引起一波波的多疑,这真是好笑。中国只是被动投资者,目的是寻找安放现金的所在,它不是妖魔。
如今,邓先生的复杂、经常引人忧虑的试验已经持续30年了。不妨这样看:中国如今经历的“邓模式”将比它经历的“毛模式”更久。这是共产主义吗?没错,但我们不妨称之为共产主义2.0版。这与高尔夫遭禁止的毛时代区分开来,并且为诱人的升级前景敞开大门。
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发表于 18-12-2008 03:37 AM
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原帖由 yy_218 于 15-12-2008 01:12 PM 发表 
过路客兄,小弟有小小疑问关于我国的GDP。。。
我国的的GDP靠什么来成长呢?
我从报章上知道1/4靠出口,其他的呢?
虽然我没看过该报导, 但 GDP 主要是以领域区分。当然我们也可以从进、出口的角度去看。
- 从各个领域去看,我们可以知道什么领域为国内 GDP 贡献最大。这个对政府要增加 GDP 非常有用。
- 从进、出口的数额来看反而比较简单,我们可以知道国内的 GDP 有多依赖出口。
虽然这个不是一个标准的方程式,但比较容易理解(希望是这样)。我们可以简单化来说,
GDP = 国内一切凡是有关金钱交易的消费、贸易
不管你花 RM50 买件新衣服为自己打扮,还是种了1粒大西瓜,RM5卖给邻居,这些已经是为国家 GDP在贡献。
当然,如果你种了10粒大西瓜,却只卖了1粒,还是只能算1粒西瓜对 GDP 的贡献。
因此,这种交易的消费模式,暂时被经济学家看作最能表示国家经济状况的指标。GDP 越高,表示国家经济能力越好。
这是合乎常理的。比如,在美国,比较多人消费买 IPOD,上 amazon 订购新书、杂志。在落后的非洲国家,百姓都是种植、捕鱼,自供自给,商业活动不频密,因此国家的 GDP非常低。
从 wikipedia 网站,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product
真正的方程式是这样,
GDP = consumption(消费) + gross investment(投资) + government spending(政府财政开销) + (exports − imports) (出口 - 进口)
GDP = C + I + G + (X-M)
1. 消费 = 老百姓买东西。比如,上超级市场买一条鱼,RM10。就为国家的 GDP 贡献了 RM10。
2. 投资 = 为生意的投资(非股市投资)。比如,某工厂 RM100k 买了一架机器,用来为工厂赚更多的钱。这也为国家贡献了 RM100k 的 GDP。
3. 政府消费 = 这就是我们常在政府预算案听到的政府开销那一栏。拨出每一分钱薪水、盖的每一个公共厕所、花钱请园丁修剪马路花草等,都是 GDP。(当然,我们常发觉某些部门的开支非常庞大,这个对国家经济没直接关系,政府也常说国家很安全,但这个部门... 离题了。)
4. 出口 - 进口。
(只能算净出口数额。)
例子:如果小明捕了 10条鱼,出口4条,却向邻国买进3条。每条鱼卖 RM1。
这个 GDP 只有 RM4 - RM3 = RM1。
为何呢?因为小明捕抓的 10条鱼,但有 6条放在巴刹卖,属于1.消费那栏,不能重复算。但出口的4条鱼,属于国内生产,必须加进国家的 GDP 里面。
那为何 GDP 要减掉进口的 3条鱼呢?不加、不减,不行吗?
要记得,这3条鱼,不是小明抓的(非我国生产,所以不能算进国家 GDP里面)。但,这3条鱼,在1.消费那栏,同样被算进去了。所以要扣除出来。
所以,小明捕抓 10条鱼,出口4条,却向邻国买进3条。每条鱼卖 RM1,在方程式上是这样的
GDP = RM6 + RM3 (消费,6条小明的,3条进口的) + 0 (投资) + 0 (政府开销) + RM4-RM3 (出口-进口) = RM10。
小明抓了RM10的鱼,所以他为国家 GDP贡献了 RM10。非常合理,对吗?
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明白了这个,再说出口额对GDP的影响。
按照常理,每个国家的每个季度 GDP,应该持续成长。就算有增长,但是小幅度,已经属于经济放缓。(若把人口成长、通膨等因素考虑进去,GDP未必真的增长。所以有 GDP per capita 人口计算,也有去除通膨的 nominal GDP)。以简单的经济法则来说,若连续两个季度 GDP 负增长,属于经济衰退。(其实经济学家不赞正这种简单化方法来判断经济衰退,但一般百姓没有经济学家的知识,所以只好取最容易的方法来判断。)
国家的 GDP,可以去 www.bnm.gov.my 网站,(statistics.gov.my 和imf.org 也有简化资料)。
可以知道,种植(比如棕油、橡胶)、开采(比如原油)、工业等,为我国的其中最主要的 GDP贡献者之一。这些领域都有原料或制成品的出口。
单是出口 - 进口这栏,就占了约GDP的 1/4。
要是出口额大量萎缩,可想而知,对国家 GDP 造成多大的伤害吗?
也许你会这么想,经济萎缩,出口减 20%的同时,进口也减 20%啊。这不是打回原形,没影响吗?
我们再看一看这个 GDP 方程式
GDP = C + I + G + (0.8X- 0.8M)
= C + I + G + 0.8(X- M)
看到吗?GDP 数值小去了。
因此,这个时候,为了保持 GDP,政府都会从 C 或 I下手(货币政策、财政政策、刺激配套)。如果效用不大,在从 G 那栏下手,增加政府开始。
但,一般上,若 G 不受节制的增加(政府大量开支),国家财政赤字会扩大。国家财政赤字持续扩大,对国家货币、经济,长期而言,不是好事。(短期来说,未必是坏事。)
所以,预料未来经济将会放缓,政府会想尽各种办法去保持 GDP 的增长。一个国家的领导能力,尤其在经济不景的此刻,显得更加重要。
政府会如何做呢?
坦白说,我也不知道哦,所以只能继续观察。到目前为止,以自己的角度来看,不能说做得很好。政府连承认陷入衰退都不愿意。权威经济杂志,预测我国 2009年的 GDP是 1.5%,政府却说,大概有 4%。
从 GDP 的调控,政府要随时增加开支来控制,没问题。但,政府会否低估了出口萎缩的影响呢?
这个是老百姓迫切想知道的。 |
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