|
|
Further Mathematics T Paper 1 讨论专区
[复制链接]
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 30-6-2009 07:46 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 6-8-2009 08:47 PM
|
显示全部楼层
原帖由 Dicardo 于 6-8-2009 06:41 PM 发表 
∫ ln x dx 該怎麽solve?
:@
我算到要吐血了....
From:
http://cforum6.cari.com.my/viewthread.php?tid=1513746&page=15#pid63957509
你可以用Integration by part.
我额外补充一下。当你们用integration by part时,
你们得知道一些 rule,就是选出 first function当成你们的fixed function.
例如:
∫ f(x). g(x) dx = f(x) ∫ g(x) dx - ∫ [ ∫ g(x) dx ] . f '(x) dx
In words, this formula states that
The integral of the product of two functions
= first function x integral of second - integral of ( integral of second x diff. coefficient of first )
所以你们先在两个functions中锁定其中一个function为你的first function(我习惯用Fixed这个字眼).
其实,这里有个我个人的口诀。
By using integration by part,
Fixed . Integrate - ∫ Integrate . differentiate Fixed dx
接下来,我教教你们如何 辨认 哪个 functions 为 你们的 first function.
这里就是要obey the rules 来找出 first function。
The first function is chosen as the function which comes first in the word ILATE, where
I - stands for Inverse function (Exp: f(x) = sin^(-1) x; cos^(-1) )
L - stands for Logarithmic function (Exp: f(x) = log x; ln x )
A - stands for Algebraic function (Exp: f(x) = 2x+3 )
T - stands for Trigonometric function (Exp: f(x) = sin x; cos x )
E - stands for Exponential function (Exp: f(x) = e^(x) )
通常STPM的level, 只有以下的rules:
你们根据以上的rules就可以找出fixed 就是 (first function)。
回你的问题:
∫ ln x dx
这个问题有两个functions就是
∫ ln x dx
= ∫ 1 . ln x dx
设 f(x) = ln x 和 g(x) = 1
你现在可以很清楚地 辨认 哪一个是 fixed 吗?
就是用刚才我所说的rules来找出fixed.
其实 ln x 是 属于 Logarithmic function,
而 1 是 属于 Algebraic function
根据rules:
你看到lnx 排在 x 的上面,所以 lnx 就是 设为 Fixed.
然后根据这个
∫ f(x). g(x) dx = f(x) ∫ g(x) dx - ∫ [ ∫ g(x) dx ] . f '(x) dx
或
∫ f(x). g(x) dx = Fixed . Integrate - ∫ Integrate . differentiate Fixed dx
Solution:
设
f(x) = ln x 为 Fixed
和
g(x) = 1 为 second
∫ ln x dx
= ∫ 1 . ln x dx
= ln x . x - ∫ x . 1/ x dx {因为 Fixed . Integrate - ∫ Integrate . differentiate Fixed dx }
= x.lnx - ∫ 1 dx
= x.lnx - x + c
= x ln (x/e) + c
[ 本帖最后由 ~HeBe~_@ 于 17-10-2009 06:12 PM 编辑 ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 6-8-2009 11:19 PM
|
显示全部楼层
其实integration by parts比较容易做。。。integration by substitution比较难点吧? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 6-8-2009 11:35 PM
|
显示全部楼层
回复 23# harry_lim 的帖子
我觉得两者都不会很难。若你会应用的话。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 6-8-2009 11:41 PM
|
显示全部楼层
原帖由 ~HeBe~_@ 于 6-8-2009 11:35 PM 发表 
我觉得两者都不会很难。若你会应用的话。
我只是比较不会integration by substitution罢了 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 6-8-2009 11:56 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 7-8-2009 12:12 AM
|
显示全部楼层
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 7-8-2009 05:03 PM
|
显示全部楼层
回复 26# ~HeBe~_@ 的帖子
其实我是有form 5学过的东西了。。。。但是中六的integration要算trigonometric functions的
然后还有prove这个。。。prove那个的 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 7-8-2009 05:11 PM
|
显示全部楼层
有03-08 年 fm 的答案嗎?
雖然我沒拿fm,可是我想試試看。。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 7-8-2009 10:33 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 11-10-2009 04:59 PM
|
显示全部楼层
原帖由 ~HeBe~_@ 于 28-6-2009 02:34 AM 发表 
Remainder Theorem
2.
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x - a)^2,
the remainder is f'(a)(x -a) + f(a).
i.e. f(x) = q(x)(x - a)^2 + f'(a)(x - a) + f(a)
If f'(a) = f(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a repeated factor of f(x).
Proof : Suppose (x - a)^2 is a factor of f(x), then
f(x) = Q(x)(x-a)^2
=> f(x) = Q'(x).(x-a)^2 + 2(x-a).Q(x)
=> (x - a) is a factor of f'(x). (proved)
现在我们看看以下的converse is false.
Let f(x) = (1/2) (x -7)(x+3)
= (x^2)/2 - 2x - 21/2
Then f'(x) = x - 2
我们清楚地知道 (x- 2)^2 is not a factor of f(x).
Example
i) 3x^3 + 29x^2 + 65x - 25 = 0 given that two of its roots are repeated.
Solution:
i)
Let f(x) = 3x^3 + 29x^2 + 65x - 25
Suppose f'(x) = 0
Then 9x^2 + 58x + 65 = 0
By quadratic formula, x = [-58 ± √ [58^2 -4(9)(65)]]/[2(9)]
x = -5 or -13/9
f(-5) = 0 but f(-13/9) ≠ 0
Since f'(-5) = f(-5) = 0, then (x+5) is a repeated factor of f(x).
Hence, -5 is the repeated root of f(x).
By long division f(x) = (x+5)^2 . (3x - 1)
Therefore, the solution to f(x) = 0 are x = -5, -5, 1/3. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 16-10-2009 11:13 PM
|
显示全部楼层
原帖由 ~HeBe~_@ 于 28-6-2009 02:34 AM 发表 
心血来潮。。。
今天我来介绍Remainder Theorem。
很多的Math S or T 生只学到一个Remainder Theorem..
^^
我教多你们一个Theorem.
你们学过第一个,但是没学过 第二个。
Remainder Theorem
1.
If a polyn ...
谢谢分享哦。。
可是我想问一问。。
第二个是不是只有在further math T 里才能用呢?
因为我的老师(Maths T paper 1)都有叫我们这两个method叻。。
我还以为这两个都是Math T syllabus 里的方法。。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 17-10-2009 01:05 AM
|
显示全部楼层
Remainder Theorem
1.
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by x -a, the remainder is f(a).
i.e. f(x) = (x - a)q(x) + f(a)
As a consequence of this theorem,
it follows that if f(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a factor of f(x).
2.
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x - a)^2,
the remainder is f'(a)(x -a) + f(a).
i.e. f(x) = q(x)(x - a)^2 + f'(a)(x - a) + f(a)
If f'(a) = f(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a repeated factor of f(x).
原帖由 bell_25 于 16-10-2009 11:13 PM 发表 
谢谢分享哦。。
可是我想问一问。。
第二个是不是只有在further math T 里才能用呢?
因为我的老师(Maths T paper 1)都有叫我们这两个method叻。。
我还以为这两个都是Math T syllabus 里的方法。。:shake ...
你校的老师教你们两个theorem是件好事来的。
Maths T 的 syllabus只教 Theorem 1, Further Maths T的syllabus多一个Theorem 2.
好处就在这里。
就拿我的例子来看:
Example
i) 3x^3 + 29x^2 + 65x - 25 = 0 given that two of its roots are repeated.
你先用Theorem 1来做,
Remainder Theorem
1.
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by x -a, the remainder is f(a).
i.e. f(x) = (x - a)q(x) + f(a)
As a consequence of this theorem,
it follows that if f(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a factor of f(x).
Solution:
i)
Let f(x) = 3x^3 + 29x^2 + 65x - 25
Constant term for f(x) is -25. Hence, if (x-a) were to be a factor of f(x), then a must be a factor of -25,
i.e. a = ±1 ,±5, ±25.
[这个a = ±1 ,±5, ±25, 以内一定其中一个是factor of f(x)]
If x = 1, f(1) ≠ 0
If x = -1, f(-1) ≠ 0
If x = 5 , f(5) ≠ 0
If x = -5, f(-5) = 0
If x = 25, f(25) ≠ 0
If x= -25, f(-25) ≠ 0
The (x+5) is a factor of f(x).
By using long division, f(x) = (x + 5) (3x^2 + 14x -5)
= (x + 5)(x + 5)(3x -1)
现在我用Theorem Remainder 1 and Theorem Remainder 2的做法。
Solution:
Let f(x) = 3x^3 + 29x^2 + 65x - 25
Suppose f'(x) = 0
Then 9x^2 + 58x + 65 = 0
By quadratic formula, x = [-58 ± √ [58^2 -4(9)(65)]]/[2(9)]
x = -5 or -13/9
Constant term for f(x) is -25. Hence, if (x-a) were to be a factor of f(x), then a must be a factor of -25,
i.e. a = ±1 ,±5, ±25.
从这里看到, (x+5)出现在Theorem 1,也出现在Theorem 2,
那么(X+5) 是一个 repeated roots of f(x) i.e. (x+5)^2.
f(-5) = 0 but f(-13/9) ≠ 0
Since f'(-5) = f(-5) = 0, then (x+5) is a repeated factor of f(x).
Hence, -5 is the repeated root of f(x).
By long division f(x) = (x+5)^2 . (3x - 1)
Therefore, the solution to f(x) = 0 are x = -5, -5, 1/3.
注意:
如果 其中一个 factor of constant term of f(x) 没有第二次出现在 solution of f'(x) =0,
那么,f(x) has no repeated root. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 17-10-2009 01:57 PM
|
显示全部楼层
回复 33# ~HeBe~_@ 的帖子
嗯。。明白了。。
你解释到好清楚。。好用心。。
谢谢。。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

楼主 |
发表于 20-10-2009 02:46 AM
|
显示全部楼层
考生面对的一个问题就是不知道什么时候该用哪一个formula来做积分。
其实很容易又简单,只要你依照以下的步骤就可以了:
当你无法使用step 1的其中一种fomula,
你就尝试使用step 2的fomula,
若step 2无法使用,就以此类推,直到step 4为止。
Step 1:
i) Integrate ax^n dx = [ax^(n+1)]/(n+1) + c
ii) Integrate f'(x) [f(x)]^n dx = { [f(x)]^(n+1) } / (n+1) + c
iii) Integrate f'(x)/ f(x) dx = ln | f(x) | + c
iv) Integrate f'(x) e^f(x) dx = e^f(x) + c
Step 2:
Integration by Partial Fraction
Step 3:
Integration by Parts
Step 4:
Integration by Substitution
注意:
当然,有些题目是可同时用两个method找出答案,
如:Integration by Parts 和 Integration by Substitution都可同时用.
但是若可以的话尽量用Integration by Parts,
而 Integration by Substitution是最后的选择,
因为避免当你用 Integration by Substitution时,
你会substitute错variable或浪费时间。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 6-3-2010 06:40 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
Hebe小姐,我要练习~所有关于f.math。。。我今年如果读中6的话,非常想拿f. math。。。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 7-3-2010 09:27 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
further math 不是你想拿就可以拿的。你还要看你的学校给不给你拿。还有就是你的math必须要有很强的foundation.你不如先读下math T 的东西吧。如过你可以catch up,那你就可以考虑further math.one more thing is u have to fork out a lot of money to buy books.furthermore, these books are seldom in bookshops. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 8-3-2010 01:34 PM
|
显示全部楼层
据我所知,我的学校肯。
这几个月我有看看math t,发现我是可以接受的,所一才会有想拿f. math的念头。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 8-3-2010 01:36 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
在这之前,我也知道要买什么书了,有朋友告诉我,大致上来说要买5本书,而且都不便宜。。。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
发表于 8-3-2010 01:40 PM
|
显示全部楼层
|
至于我的数学底,我也不知道够不够强,每次学校分数都是90+,试考也是。。。现在就看spm的成绩了。 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
本周最热论坛帖子
|