【团体】童军请进 [III]

我来留下脚印啦!!
姓名      ：   weitheng
Pangkat   ：   毕业后就没有得参与了..
州，区，团：   perak,kinta, 11th unit & 22nd coy
e-mail    ：   lwt_2810@hotmail.com
其他      ：   kbu found. in art n design

blue_angle89

原帖由 darrenkwei 于 30-12-2006 12:09 AM 发表


哦哦，那你们是在几时举办呢？？？

emm..
目前是计划在3月中酱罗~~

blue_angle89

原帖由 zjian 于 30-12-2006 12:34 AM 发表



什么学校???????

哈哈~~
芙蓉中华中学~~

鉴人

原帖由 blue_angle89 于 30-12-2006 03:42 PM 发表

哈哈~~
芙蓉中华中学~~

是否THAM SIR也会在场？

blue_angle89

har?
你是说哪位tham sir?
不好意思哦~~
应该会邀请他来吧~~

dingodie

在档子有幸运遇见datuk k.k 和他合照



在THAM SIR 的PAMERAN 和FRANKLIN ， DARREN 等合照。。。。




和印尼的TIMBALAN KETUA KONTIGEN交换制服和SKAF


在MALDIVES的营门

[ 本帖最后由 dingodie 于 31-12-2006 12:38 AM 编辑 ]

dingodie

我们终于拿了KELANA 。。。经过了UJIAN  VIJIL 和 ISTIADAT PERLANTIKAN现在终于可以成为 PENGAKAP KELANA。。。。

全体大合照。。。。

鉴人

原帖由 blue_angle89 于 30-12-2006 07:17 PM 发表
har?
你是说哪位tham sir?
不好意思哦~~
应该会邀请他来吧~~

就是上面坐着中间那位TAMPIN ADC ---THAM SIR  

zjian

原帖由 blue_angle89 于 30-12-2006 03:42 PM 发表

哈哈~~
芙蓉中华中学~~

别望了到时通知一声哦!如果有碰到学校假期,我会设法出席贵校营火会....
哈哈!年龄都差不多跟THAM SIR一样,不知你们会嫌弃“老人家”观礼吗？？

zjian

原帖由 dingodie 于 31-12-2006 01:10 AM 发表
我们终于拿了KELANA 。。。经过了UJIAN  VIJIL 和 ISTIADAT PERLANTIKAN现在终于可以成为 PENGAKAP KELANA。。。。

全体大合照。。。。

在此，我以BENTONG ADC身份来祝贺你们这班KELANA。希望你们能以团队精神配合THAM SIR领导之下，成为一支优秀队伍

～前程似锦～

zjian

                     THE SCOUT HAT

The image of a Scout or "Boy Scout" is associated in many countries with the stereotype of a young boy in shorts sporting a scarf and woggle and a "Scout" hat. This no longer corresponds to the current reality of world Scouting. The Scout hat is, however, extremely functional and we thought it a good idea to provide anyone interested in purchasing one with some further information, including the following :
·       a potted history of the Scout hat,
·       everything you ever wanted to know, and more, about how one is made.


1. HISTORY OF THE SCOUT HAT

1.1 Does the Scout hat form part of a world Scout uniform?
First of all, it should be pointed out that there is no such thing as a standard uniform at world Scouting level. Each Scout association or national Scout organisation belonging to WOSM decides upon its own uniform. Each country's Scout uniform is therefore closely linked to its culture and the resulting differences greatly enrich the intercultural approach of Scouting at international level. The different uniforms worn by Scouts who are members of WOSM have one thing in common : the world Scout emblem. The decision as to wether or not to wear a Scout hat or any other form of headgear and the choice of design are matters for the national Scout organisation in each country.

1.2 Identification of the hat with Baden-Powell
Baden-Powell is always depicted wearing the "Scout" hat. This hat is therefore easily associated with Scouting since we identify it with the founder of the Movement. But history reveals that Baden -Powell had already adopted such a hat for his first units of African Scouts and subsequently for the South African Constabulary, the independent unit which he founded in his country. This type of hat was worn there by the Boers (the descendants of the first Dutch settlers).

Why did Baden-Powell choose this particular hat to be the Scout hat?
This felt hat was worn by the Boers in South Africa and proved extremly well adapted to the country. It was undoubtedly for this reason that B.-P. adopted it, first of all for the Scouts in South Africa and, later on, upon his return to Europe, for the Scouts there. Felt is greatly appreciated for its many qualities : it is lightweight, stands up to anything, keeps its shape and provides protection against both cold and rain.
The Boer felt hat, which was first manufactured in Holland, did not have any predefined "dents", its crown being perfectly round. It was up to each person to give his own hat such "hollows" and "bumps".
Baden-Powell's hat seems to have been made from pure (hare) felt since it was easier to mould to the desired shape.
Generally speaking, a wool-felt hat is cheaper but less likely to keep the required shape, which is the reason why the "dents" eventually came to be performed as part of the manufacturing process.

Initially chosen for practical reasons
B.-P. surely adopted this hat as part of the Scout uniform for practical reasons. He must have been concerned with finding a way to overcome certain aspects of outdoor life and this broad-brimmed hat provided the perfect solution in terms of protecting the head, not only from rain, sun and wind, but also from overhanging branches and dense undergrowth...
Over time, many things have changed for the better, just as outdoor life has gained by the advent of new and more comfortable equipment. The Scout hat, whilst retaining its original characteristics, notably its distinctive shape, has also benefited from certain improvements in the way it is made. As a result, it continues to serve as both umbrella and parasol for long hikes, with the advantage that it leaves the hands free. Moreover, the Scout hat boasts any number of other uses : a fan for campfire flames, an improvised pitcher for drinking from a spring, a headrest or an emergency cushion, to mention but a few. Its accessories (a thin buckled leather strap and chin strap) are easily detachable and can be used for the first aid. The use of exclusively natural materials, from pure wool felt to leather accessories, makes this a truly natural product.

2. THE SECRETS OF SCOUT HAT MANUFACTURE

2.1 Felt : the end result of a natural process
Felts hats, be they of wool or rabbit fur, are all unique. The distinctive feature of felt is its very dense, compact structure of animal hair or wollen fibres. Felting (the process of making felt) is really a natural phenomenon, characteristic of the living raw material itself : wool or rabbit fur. Fleece or fur "felts" naturally by drawing back on itself when cold and humid to protect the animal.

If we take a close look at the outer layer of a hair, strand of wool or cuticle under a magnifying glass, we can see that it is made up of flat cells or scales which overlap like roof tiles. It is these scales which give wool its ability to be felted, i.e., its felting properties.

Felting gives rise to the following :
·      humidity and heat;
·      mechanical action : friction, pressure and impact;
·      the action of acid or alkaline products.

The following is an explanation of how this natural phenomen is used to advantage in the manufacture of a felt hat.

2.2 Creation of a "fur bell"
The raw material comes from "fur cutters" where the fur is prepared and the hairs are plucked from the pelt, washed, graded and cut into small, very fine pieces before being delivered to the factories. There, after being weighed, the hairs are mixed in the "blower" machine, the purpose of which is to rough-form the mixture of hairs in relief. The hairs are flung into a chamber into which they adhere by suction to form a thin layer, the exact thickness and weight of which is predetermined in accordance with the desired end product.
The fragile "bell"-shaped wool or rabbit-fur structure is then carefully removed from its support and consolidated by "simoussage". It is, however, fulling which stiffens the felt.

2.3 Making felt
The purpose of fulling is to thicken the material. It turns to account the wool's ability to be felted impregnated with a weak alkaline solution, is placed under heat in a fulling machine in which it circulates continually whilst undergoing the following mechanical action :
·      beating (mallets)
·      longitudinal compression (in "tubes" in which it piles up);
·      transversal compression (in "corridors" which squeeze it widthways).
A balance is struck between the number, intensity and duration of the different actions and the degree of fulling is controlled.
The felt becomes thicker and more compact and both its resistance and ability to retain heat increase.

It is the slow friction between the fibres which, in the constant presence of steam, induces felting and, in particular, the interpenetration of the fibres. Under such violent pressure, the material decreases considerably in size and begins to take on the appearance of a "felt bell", the size of which is checked to prevent the felt from "shrinking" too much. The hat is therefore made out of a single piece of felt, with no seams. Once it has reached the correct size, it can be dyed in a vat before once again undergoing the felting process.

2.4 From a mere piece of felt to the finished product
Once all of the moisture has been drained off, the piece of felt is ready to be worked. It is impregnated with a mixture of dressings including :
·      thickening products, such as gum tragacanth (gum dragon), with an extraordinary capacity to swell when in contact with water;
·      auxiliary products to soften, weight and make the felt supple.

The aim here is to make the felt stiff in accordance with the density required for the brim or crown. This process is always conducted under steam. The brim is turned up and set during this stage, thereby giving the hat an appearance closely resembling the final product. The piece of felt is dried in a drying oven at 130°C to 140°C, polished and sheared and some finishing touches are added. It is then returned to the steam for a second coat of dressing, this time for waterproofing. Here, the felt is impregnated with a gelatinous product which leaves a deposit on the surface of the material without penetrating the fibres, thereby leaving the material breathable and supple.

The hat is then given its exact final shape in a mould, pressing it under heat. The moulds are made of aluminium and there is one per hat size.

It then only remains for the last few finishing touches to be put to the hat, including cutting out and attaching the natural leather trimmings.

One final polish and shear leave the hat really supple.

The dressing, a natural product from the Indies, is a white paste known as shellac which is boiled and penetrates deep into the felt. The final product is therefore made entirely from natural elements.

2.5 Easy to look after
The Scout hat does not require any special care, nor does it need to be washed or ironed. On the contrary, it can even be said that the less care one takes of it, the more it becomes a highly intimate possession with that "personal touch". However, here are a few tips to help to keep it looking like new even when it has seen years of sterling service. Felt should always be reshaped because it a living material. To restore it to its original shape, it merely needs to be dampened and moulded by hand, ensuring that the brim is placed on a smooth, flat surface, weighted down if possible. It should then be left to dry out completely in the shade, away from a direct source of heat.

2.6 GUERRA : the manufacturer - 145 years in the trade
This family business has been handed down from father to son and is currently being managed by the fifth generation. It came into being in 1855 at the time when the town of Borgosesia formed part of the kingdom of Savoy and Sardinia. This region, nestling at the foot of the Alps, led the field in wool and textiles (the first spinning-mills having come on the scene at the beginning of the industrial age and the wool-felt industry being one of the first in Italy). Fifteen years later, only one of the three wool-felt hat factories in the region remained, it having bought up the other two. At the outset, its main line of production was the felt hat of the Savoyard army, the Italian hat and the hat of the Alpine chasseurs. Today, one hundred and forty five years on, production basically consists of the felt hat which has come to be height of fashion for men and women alike and sells well throughout Europe (85%) as well as in the U.S.A. and Japan.

In the wake of the Second World War, the Italian Scout association (AGESCI) entrusted the company with the manufacture of its Scout hats. With the opening up of the political spectrum in the rest of Europe, the firm began to offer these hats to other European Scout associations, thus becoming, over the years, the only manufacturer of Scout hats in Europe.

wxchuah0804

各位童军们。。。
新年快乐！！！

wxchuah0804

100 years of Scouting © WOSM / World Scouting
2

The objectives of the 100th Anniversary celebrations are:
• To celebrate 100 years of Scouting
• To demonstrate the unity of World Scouting
• To improve and promote the quality of Scouting
• To promote peace
• To demonstrate the unique value of Scouting
• To provide enjoyable and benefi cial experiences
• To demonstrate a commitment to nature and the environment
• To show concern for all communities
The Anniversary celebrations will also be an occasion to communicate worldwide and improve the image of the Movement. Scouting started in 1907 with an experimental camp for 20 boys. Today, Scouting is a million times bigger and involves girls and boys, women and men from every origin, religion and culture, and nearly every country in the world. In 2007 we celebrate our 100th anniversary. We will celebrate the achievements of the past 100 years, we will celebrate Scouting today and we will celebrate the commitment that Scouts worldwide undertake to make a difference in their communities. Most importantly however we will celebrate the future, looking ahead to a second century of Scouting. Our Centenary is a fantastic opportunity to get involved in exciting programmes and show the world what Scouting is all about. We intend to make the most of this unique year so that we can develop better Scouting for more young people in more communities around the world. It is also a challenge for us to use the opportunities in 2007 to develop Scouting in our associations. It can be used as a method to achieve our goals and strategy rather than a series of separate events. © WOSM / World Scouting 3 Centenary Theme The single theme for all events and activities for the Centenary of Scouting, including the 21st World Scout Jamboree, is:
2007: One World One Promise
This theme responds to young people’s aspirations and is based on the Movement’s mission and educational values. It is unifying and universal. As Scouts we all make our Promise to do our best to work together and build a society based on greater justice and solidarity. We make a commitment to play an active role in creating a better world, irrespective of our origin, gender, culture or religion. Our Promise compels us to help to improve the world. As Baden-Powell said, “Leave this world a little better than we found it”.

Centenary Logo
The objectives of 2007 are expressed through its corporate identity. The Centenary logo is for all members to use in conjunction with their 2007 programme. It is unusual in that it is in two parts:
• The upper part is universal. The central element of this logo shows the relationship between our traditional fleur-de-lys logo and the dove of peace, with peace rising with the sun into a bright future. The numbers 100 and 2007 are prominent, as is our World Emblem.
• The lower part is to be used for the worldwide 2007 theme - One World One Promise - in the language appropriate to the country. This will help all Scouts to feel part of this important celebration.
(Please see page 12: protection of the logo.)
Resources To assist with planning and celebrating the Centenary a number of tools and resources have been developed. These are available from www.scout.org or direct from the World Scout Bureau. © WOSM / Y Shimizu / KEN 2004 4

Gifts for Peace
Every Scout in the world making a contribution towards peace to mark the 100th anniversary of Scouting. Scouting recognises the need for a more peaceful world achieved through a culture of peace, and not simply the absence of war. Every day, in 216 countries and territories, Scouts work to build peace and tolerance and create a better world. 2007 will mark 100 years of Scouting - 100 years of achievements and making a difference to the lives of millions of young people and their communities, but there is still much to do. What better way for Scouting to celebrate its Centenary then than by engaging every Scout in the world in the ‘Gifts for Peace’ project - a key programme for all Scouts to tackle local issues and make a difference in communities? Scouts in nearly one hundred countries are already taking action in their local communities working on Gifts for Peace. For example: Scouts in South Africa are working on an HIV/AIDS awareness project, Scouts in Slovakia are working in solidarity with the Roma population, Scouts in Saudi Arabia are working to develop inter-cultural and inter-religious understanding, Scouts in New Zealand are working on health issues and tackling youth suicide, Scouts in Brazil are working to disarm young people and tackle violence in the home and on the streets, Scouts in Namibia are combating domestic violence and Scouts in Russia are working to support children with disabilities. An educational resource, ScoutPAX has been developed to support the planning and implementation of the Gifts for Peace. There is also a competition for Scouts of all ages so that they can share their projects through videos, photographs and sound fi les. Full information on Gifts for Peace is available on: www.scout.org

Resources
Gifts for Peace
• Gifts for Peace Guidelines
• Information on the Gifts for Peace projects being implemented
• ScoutPAX - a kit to support the planning and implementation of the Gifts for Peace © WOSM / A Morales / THA 2003 5

Scouting’s Sunrise – 1st August 2007
The Centenary will be celebrated by Scouts worldwide on Wednesday 1st August 2007. This is THE special day for all Scouts in 2007 - our anniversary day - 100 years to the day when Baden-Powell blew the kudu horn on Brownsea Island to open his experimental Scout camp. This day is a wonderful opportunity to gain recognition for Scouting in every country. National Scout Organizations will organise exciting activities and events to gain news media attention and positive publicity for Scouting. The basic idea is simple. Imagine the impact when Scouts gather across the world to celebrate the dawn of the second century of Scouting. For example in Australia on Sydney Harbour Bridge, at the Pyramids in Egypt, on the summit of Mont Blanc, at Kandersteg International Scout Centre, at the Colosseum in Rome, in the centre of São Paolo, in summer or winter camps, on beaches or hilltops, all on the same day in the same spirit, Scouts will be united under the common theme of 2007: One World One Promise. This is a day to renew our Scout Promise alongside former Scouts and Guides as members of the worldwide family of Scouting. We can involve the whole community in our celebrations and do a good turn, no matter how small, to demonstrate our commitment to building a better world. Delegations of young Scouts should present the work achieved through the Gifts for Peace projects to their National Authorities, showing them what matters to young people and how it is possible for Scouts to make a difference in society.

Scouting’s Sunrise on Brownsea Island
At a unique event on Brownsea Island, two Scouts from over 150 nations will gather to celebrate the dawn of a new century of Scouting and launch the Movement into it’s second century.

Join-in-Centenary
‘Join-in-Centenary’ is an activity resource of programme ideas related to the Centenary events. Scouts of all ages will be able to ‘join-in’ the events even if the ‘real event’ is for a different age-group and taking place on the other side of the world. This will help our theme
‘One World One Promise’ to become a reality. Join-in-Centenary is a tool to enhance Scout programmes in National Scout Organisations. The activities are based on different aspects of the centenary year and focus on the following themes: Scouting Yesterday and Today, Peace, Join-in-Jamboree and Scouting Tomorrow.

Resources
Scouting’s Sunrise
• Scouting’s Sunrise Guidelines
• Information on Brownsea Island Scouting’s Sunrise © WOSM / World Scouting 6

wxchuah0804

Events in 2007
In addition to local, national and global initiatives there are a number of special events taking place in 2007. 150th anniversary of the birth of Baden-Powell: 22 February 2007 ‘Founder’s Day’ or ‘Thinking Day’ - a day on which we are all encouraged to consider the meaning of our Promise.

21st World Scout Jamboree: 27 July – 8 August 2007
The Centenary Jamboree will be held at Hylands Park, Chelmsford in the United Kingdom. This event will be the experience of a lifetime for the 40,000 Scouts attending, combining adventurous activities, international friendship and global development, helping to inspire and develop young people to take a constructive place in society. I nternational Colloquium: December 2007 An International Colloquium on the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of Scouting will discuss and evaluate Scouting’s contribution to education and society over the course of the last 100 years. The event will be held in Geneva, Switzerland. R egional Scout Conferences 2007 is the year of the Regional Scout Conferences, giving our six Regions additional opportunities to highlight the tremendous range of activities that young people and adults are engaged in as part of the centenary celebrations.

Key World Days
Scouts already celebrate many key dates in the international calendar, especially those which recognise the issues with which we closely work. Examples of such days are: World Day Against Child Labour - 12 June; International Youth Day - 12 August; World Peace Day - 21
September; World AIDS day - 1 December; International Volunteers Day - 5 December. In 2007, these days could be used to highlight the work of Scouts in areas related to the Gifts for Peace, or other key national projects.

Resources
Strategy for Scouting & 2007
• The Strategy for Scouting and 2007 document, plus additional documentation on the Strategy for Scouting © WOSM / J Inostroza / CHI 1999  7

What to do?
Now
• If you have not already done so, establish a planning group to lead your preparations for the Centenary.
• Establish plans for local and national programmes. Use this as an opportunity to support youth involvement by including young people in the decision making processes.
• Establish good relations with the local and national media. Ensure that Scouting is positively portrayed and work to create media opportunities.
• Develop partnerships to strengthen your programmes and impact in the community. A number of high-level partnerships, e.g. with UNICEF, UNESCO and the United Nations Millennium Campaign, have been developed to support Scouting at all levels, and give further support to our Centenary in 2007.
• Send progress updates of your Gifts for Peace to the World Scout Bureau so that your stories and bet practices can be shared worldwide.
• Consider uses of the World 2007 Centenary logo for 2007-related programmes and events. 2007 is a unique marketing opportunity.
• Prepare your contingent to the 21st World Scout Jamboree fully, so that your Scouts and leaders can have a truly life-changing experience.
• Celebrate Founder’s Day
• Join-in the World Scout Jamboree,by attending the event or through the Join-in-Centenary materials available on www.scout.org
• Celebrate Scouting’s Sunrise, our 100th anniversary
• Present your Gifts for Peace to authorities and the public
• See what’s happening on Brownsea Island via the media
• Implement your Gifts for Peace projects
• Participate in special activities through the Join-in-Centenary
• Run local and national initiatives for Scouts and their communities
22 February
27 July - 8 August
1 August
All year
IN 2007:
© WOSM / V Ortega / UK 2004 8
General information
• World Scout Conference Documents related to the Centenary
• Related circulars on all aspects of the Centenary
• 2007 fl yer and 2007 Information Overview
• Information and materials related to the 21st World Scout Jamboree
• The Join-in-Centenary packs
• Information on partnerships and specifi c agreements in the documents: Scouting and the United Nations and in the Marrakech Charter.
Communications & Media
• Information on the 2007 Centenary logo including artwork and licencinginformation. Use of the logo of badge application is subject to licencing processes. For information, please contact The Scout Association (UK), which is administrating the licencing process on behalf of the
World Scout Bureau. The Centenary Logo is protected. Misuse of the Centenary Logo constitutes an act of theft. It is up to all World Scouting members to protect it from any abuse, duplication or commercial use without authorisation. This includes using it for purposes contrary to the values of theScout Movement.
• The Global Media Plan for 2007 and tools to support national media plans are located in the online Media Centre: www.scout.org/media
Contacts For more information on the various aspects of the Centenary, please contact the World Scout Bureau © World Scout Bureau Education, Research & Development  September 2006 World Scout Bureau  P.O. Box 91 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Plainpalais Switzerland
Tel: (+41 22) 705 10 10
Fax: (+41 22) 705 10 20
worldbureau@world.scout.org
www.scout.org


[ 本帖最后由 wxchuah0804 于 31-12-2006 11:36 PM 编辑 ]

wxchuah0804

The Mission of Scouting

The purpose of the strategy is to implement the Mission
The adoption of the Mission in 1999 was a major milestone for world Scouting. The mission and the six challenges identified are essential to be addressed if our mission is to be achieved.


The mission of Scouting is to contribute to the education of young people, through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Law, to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society. This is achieved by:

• involving them throughout their formative years in a non-formal educational process
• using a specific method that makes each individual the principal agent of his or her development as a self-reliant, supportive, responsible and committed person
• assisting them to establish a value system based upon spiritual, social and personal principles as expressed in the Promise and Law.

Six Challenges
Six challenges were identified at the Durban Conference and need to be adressed to achieve our mission are:

• Relevance: meeting the needs and aspirations of young people.
• Complementary nature: focussing on the distinctive contribution Scouting can make to the education of young people, particularly through the Scout Method.
• Membership: reaching out to more young people.
• Adults: attracting and retaining the adults we need.
• Relationships and partnerships: working with others to better serve young people.
• Unity: pursuing a common purpose at all levels.

The Three Strategic Areas
The six challenges provide three broad areas of work:
Young People: encompassing the challenges on Relevance, Complementary nature and Membership in order to bring better Scouting to more young people, especially adolescents.
Adults: encompassing the challenge on Adults: attracting and retaining the adults we need, with an emphasis on the concept of volunteering.
Structures and Systems: encompassing the challenge on Relationships and partnerships - which recognises the need to work with others to serve young people - and the challenge on Unity: pursuing a common purpose at all levels. Work in this strategic area should lead to an increase in the overall effectiveness of the Movement.

wxchuah0804

The Vision

The Vision for Scouting is:
As a global Movement, making a real contribution to creating a better world.


We see Scouting entering its second century as an influential, value-based educational Movement focussed on achieving its mission, involving young people working together to develop their full potential, supported by adults who are willing and able to carry out their educational role.
We see Scouting world-wide as attracting and retaining more and more young people (especially adolescents) of both genders and coming from broader segments of society.
We see Scouting as attractive to adults, women and men, in all cultures - a Movement through which they can make a significant contribution to society by working with young people.
We see Scouting as a dynamic, innovative Movement with adequate resources, simple structures and democratic decision making processes where organisation, management and communication are effective at all levels.

姓名      ：   MR. X     
Pangkat   ：   Pemimpin Pengakap kanak-kanak
　　　　　　　 Pemimpin Pengakap Muda
州，区，团：   吉隆坡民众华小 KEPONG－26
e-mail    ：   -
其他      ：   1985 KING SCOUT

darrenkwei

各位童军，不要一直把英文的资料贴上来。等一下版主会删除的

姓名      ：   Edwin Lee
Pangkat   ：   毕业后就没有得参与了..
州，区，团：   Perak,Kinta, < 72nd Kinta Scout Troop >
e-mail    ：   edwinleesy@yahoo.com
其他      ：   2002 King Scout
               Now Architect..

[ 本帖最后由 edwinlee85 于 2-1-2007 05:06 PM 编辑 ]

wxchuah0804

姓名      ：   wxchuah0804
Pangkat   ：   -
州，区，团：   Penang
e-mail    ：   wxchuah0804@hotmail.com
其他      ：   -