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发表于 1-10-2007 12:29 AM | 显示全部楼层
什么时候解答试卷二?
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发表于 1-10-2007 03:29 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 zfc 于 30-9-2007 09:14 PM 发表

其实那些考卷也是从longman pre-u biology的cd拿来的。他们只给试卷,却没给答案,一点诚意也没有!还说什么complimentary cd!:@
我还是lower 6,老师说年尾的考试会从往年的stpm试题来出题,所以临时临急才 ...


其实呵。。。 由于Longman出版商准备了另一本书<<6-Years Series Biology STPM>>, 所以你买的Lower Six & Upper Six的参考书附属的Complimentary CD不再提供答案。你要答案的话,必须另买哦!
<<6-Years Series Biology STPM>>是一本值得买的书,因为历年考试题目和答案均有提供。一部分Objective问题也有解答说明呢!
由于Longman出版商跟Majlis peperiksaan Malaysia购买了版权,除非答案是自己的构思 (象我这样),不完全100%抄他们提供的。。。那又另有可原。
再说,2005年和2006年的试卷已不是Longman出版商印刷,换成是Oxford Fajar.我相信他们会累积几年的试卷才结集成书吧。不然,就会有版权冲突啦。
所以,既然市场上还未推出任何答案,尤其是2006年的题目,那么我冒险把问题与解答搜罗了跟大家结个缘。祝大家考得佳绩!
虽然我不是你们的学校老师,也不是很有料,我只是尽本份,让大家分享我的努力而已!分享学习心得是一件喜悦的事,是功德的塑造,何乐而不为?
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发表于 1-10-2007 03:41 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 生物难题 于 1-10-2007 12:29 AM 发表
什么时候解答试卷二?

嘿,朋友,你好心急哦!为何你不先尝试?大家切磋切磋,如何?
我最近很忙很忙,打字又慢,耐心点,ok?
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发表于 1-10-2007 04:23 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 小杯子 于 30-9-2007 07:57 PM 发表
谢谢你啦。。。
是你太好人了。。。
对了,不好意识,向你教教我关于heridity and genetic 那课的, 我真的blur blur...
先谢谢你啦。。。

好!
Heridity and genetic inheritance的第一部分为classical genetics(传统遗传学),内容包括the basic principle of Mendel inheritance(孟德尔自由组合)、variations in chromosome number and structure, linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping, e.g. The Law of Segregation(独立分配遗传规律),连锁遗传分析与染色体作图,基因概念的产生发展。


第二部分为现代遗传学,内容包括molecular genetics(基因结构)---DNA and molecular structure of chromosome、the genetics of viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic organelles(细菌病毒等微生物遗传及真核生物遗传分析),遗传重组等经典遗传学理论、方法、技术及原核生物、真核生物基因复制、突变、修复、转录、翻译表达、调控、遗传发育,细胞质遗传的基本理论及分子机制,生物群体遗传、进化, DNA recombination and expression as well as  population genetics and evolution。

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发表于 2-10-2007 05:00 PM | 显示全部楼层
试卷二的答案相当长。各位要耐心点哦!如果觉得答案不相符,请多多指教。

Here we go!   

1. 第一题是问关于enzyme(酶)和enzyme classification。

酶(enzyme)是活细胞内产生的具有specific (高度专一性)和催化效率的蛋白质,又称为biological catalyst (生物催化剂),生物体在metabolism (新陈代谢)过程中,几乎所有的化学反应都是在酶的催化下进行的。

(a)

(i) Lyase

§
Aldolase catalyses the fructose-1,6-biphosphate to split into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and its isomer dihydroxyacetone phosphate.



(ii) Transferase

§
Hexokinase catalyses the transfer of phosphate group from ATP to glucose, becoming glucose-6-phophate.


(iii) Isomerase
§
Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyses the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, thus converting one isomer to another.




(b)
Glucose molecules are instantly metabolised during cell respiration to produce glucose-6-phosphate. The concentration of substrate is always higher than the concentration of product. Thus, the reaction in (a)(ii) proceeds in one direction only.


(c) Hexokinase

(d) Glycogen phosphorylase


(e) A prosthetic group is a co-factor of an enzyme. This is a non-protein organic molecule that binds tightly on a permanent basis to the protein part of the enzyme (apoenzyme). The prosthetic group is involved in the catalytic function of the enzyme.


(f) Protein haemoglobin which carries oxygen contains four globular polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide is coiled to form a globular tertiary structure with a haem group containing an iron ion, Fe2+.


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发表于 2-10-2007 05:13 PM | 显示全部楼层
有生命活动的植物每时每刻都在呼吸,即消耗体内的有炭水化合物产生二氧化碳和水。大部分的植物(一般我们成为绿色植物的)在有光以及条件适合的情况下吸收二氧化碳产生氧气。
夜晚的时候,一般来讲使没有光合作用的,但有呼吸作用。然而有很多植物并非这样,例如景天酸代谢途径的植物。

第二题是问关于C4 plants 的Hatch-Slack Pathway。

植物的代谢途径:

1 C3途径(C3 pathway)和C3植物(C3 plant)      

C3途径亦即卡尔文循环。由于这条光合碳同化途径中CO2固定后形成的最初产物3-磷酸甘油酸为三碳化合物,所以这条途径称C3途径,也叫做C3光合碳还原循环,并把只具有C3途径的植物称为C3植物。C3植物大多为温带和寒带植物。水稻、小麦、棉花、大豆、油菜等多数作物为C3植物。

2 C4途径(C4 pathway)和C4植物(C4 plant)     

C4途径亦称哈奇-斯莱克(Hatch-Slack)途径,由于这条光合碳同化途径中CO2固定后形成的最初产物草酰乙酸为四碳二羧酸化合物,所以叫做四碳双羧酸途径,简称C4途径,并把具有C4途径的植物称为C4植物。C4植物大多为热带和亚热带植物,如玉米、高梁、甘蔗、稗草、苋菜等。

3 景天科酸代谢途径(Crassulacean acid metabolism pathway,CAM途径)和CAM 植物(CAM plant)

景天科、仙人掌科等植物,夜间气孔张开,固定CO2产生有机酸,白天气孔关闭,有机酸脱羧释放CO2,经卡尔文循环还原成有机物,这种与有机酸合成日变化有关的光合碳代谢途径称为景天科酸代谢途径。把具有CAM 途径的植物称为CAM植物。常见的CAM植物有菠萝、剑麻、兰花、百合、仙人掌、芦荟等。

4 景天科(Crassulaceae)双子叶植物纲蔷薇亚纲的1科。草本或小灌木,茎及叶肉质。

主要分布于北温带和热带的干燥地区,肉质叶的组织多为薄壁组织,含多量细胞液、草酸钙和游离的有机酸,蒸腾作用靠表皮分泌的蜡被和下陷气孔调节。景天科植物体肥厚肉质,多培育供观赏。如伽蓝菜属、落地生根属、青锁龙属、紫景天属、景天属等。
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发表于 2-10-2007 05:16 PM | 显示全部楼层
2.
(a)
A: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase


B: Ribulose biphosphate (RUBP) carboxylase



(b)
C: Malate


D: Aspartate



(c)
X: Mesophyll cells

Y: Bundle sheath cells


(d)

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere diffuses into the mesophyll cells. The gas combines with phosphoenolpyruvate to produce oxaloacetate. This process is catalysed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which has a higher affinity for carbon dioxide at low concentration. Thus, oxaloacetate is reduced to malate. The product (malate) is then shunted through plasmodesmata into the bundle sheath cells (cell Y).



(e)

The conversion of pyruvate to PEP, and the conversion of OAA to malate by reduction occur in C4 plants. The importance of the Hatch-Slack pathway to C4 plants is the ability to adapt to warmer climate.








[ 本帖最后由 Jec 于 3-10-2007 02:55 PM 编辑 ]
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发表于 2-10-2007 08:22 PM | 显示全部楼层
不好意识,我有个疑问。
关于第二题的(b),
我觉得 metabolite D 应该不是 NADP+,因为如果看箭头的话,它们是从oxaloacetate换出来的。所以我觉得C和D应该是malate and aspartate。很多国外书都有提oaloacetate到可以换成malate and aspartate。
这只是我的想法,你觉得呢?
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发表于 3-10-2007 02:54 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 生物难题 于 2-10-2007 08:22 PM 发表
不好意识,我有个疑问。
关于第二题的(b),
我觉得 metabolite D 应该不是 NADP+,因为如果看箭头的话,它们是从oxaloacetate换出来的。所以我觉得C和D应该是malate and aspartate。很多国外书都有提oaloacet ...


谢谢你。我已更正过来了。的确是我的疏忽。
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发表于 3-10-2007 09:14 PM | 显示全部楼层
3.
(a)
P: weathering/erosion

Q: decomposition by decomposers

R: leaching

S: absorption/active ion uptake by roots

(b)
Phosphorus is an essential component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), RUBP, certain proteins, phospholipids, ATP and some important organic compounds.


(c) saprophytes


(d)
Carnivores obtain their phosphate by eating primary consumers which feed directly on the producers (green plants).







[ 本帖最后由 Jec 于 3-10-2007 09:24 PM 编辑 ]
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发表于 5-10-2007 04:55 PM | 显示全部楼层
以下是STPM 2005的MCQ.

Which of the following describe the chemoreceptor at the carotid body in the regulation of the rate of respiration in humans?

I     Sensitive to the rise of blood pH
II    Sensitive to the rise in osmotic pressure of blood
III   Sensitive to the very low partial pressure of blood oxygen
IV    Sensitive to the rise in partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide

A   I and II       
B   I and IV       
C   II and III
D   III and IV

我觉得有点难。有谁能解答? III好像是对的。不知道是C还是B?
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NaOH 该用户已被删除
发表于 6-10-2007 09:29 AM | 显示全部楼层
B lah!i confirm that!
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发表于 6-10-2007 11:39 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Jec 于 1-10-2007 03:29 PM 发表


其实呵。。。 由于Longman出版商准备了另一本书, 所以你买的Lower Six & Upper Six的参考书附属的Complimentary CD不再提供答案。你要答案的话,必须另买哦!
是一本值得买的书,因为历年考试题目和答案均 ...

我已经跟朋友借那本书复印了。
但不知道你有没有2005年的答案呢?
对不起,我知道我有点贪心。如果有时间的话,希望你能提供。谢谢。
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发表于 6-10-2007 01:22 PM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 zfc 于 30-9-2007 09:14 PM 发表

其实那些考卷也是从longman pre-u biology的cd拿来的。他们只给试卷,却没给答案,一点诚意也没有!还说什么complimentary cd!:@
我还是lower 6,老师说年尾的考试会从往年的stpm试题来出题,所以临时临急才 ...



你老师所谓的stpm试题不就是past yr  咯。。通常老师都是酱出考题。。无聊。。 我就是酱背答案就score到。。。那本书真的不错。。 不过stpm那本是够吃, 不过想拿a 就加把径。。。要pass不难, 要A 不易
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发表于 7-10-2007 12:32 PM | 显示全部楼层

回复 #191 生物难题 的帖子

我觉得是D lah, 因为I不对。
Chemoreceptor 会detect到CO2和H+,但是最重要的是它会在非常少O2的时候发挥功用,比如在高山的时候,patial pressure of O2特别低,carotid chemoreceptor就会detect到了。
我觉得I错因为CO2多时H+也会多,H+多时pH就drop,不是rise.
这只是我的想法,大家认为呢?
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NaOH 该用户已被删除
发表于 7-10-2007 02:14 PM | 显示全部楼层
好像是这样!之前没好好想,答错了!
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发表于 7-10-2007 02:52 PM | 显示全部楼层
我来啦。。。我将接下去提供Suggested Answers予去年的STPM Biology试卷2的问题。衔接上题。现已来到第4题 (关于胰岛素的):
4.
(a)
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.


(b)   Liver.

(c)
&#129; The failure of beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin or the failure / reduction of target cells to respond to insulin.
&#8218; The consumption of food high in glucose which leads to increased level of blood glucose in the body.
&#402; The presence of G-6-P phosphatase in the liver contributes to the presence of glucose in the blood.
&#8222; The liver cells are unable to take up and metabolise glucose. The blood glucose level rises to above normal level (hyperglycemia).
The kidney tubules are unable to reabsorb the high levels of glucose in the blood. Excess glucose is removed in the urine (glycosuria).
&#8224; There is a decrease in the number of protein carriers  for glucose in the plasma membrane.
&#8225; There is an inefficient insulin metabolism in the diabetic's body.

     (七选三)

(d)
Yes, it is very effective.
Reason:
The insulin which is produced by DNA recombinant is obtained from the expression of a complete human’s genes. Therefore, it has a similar function as natural insulin due to the similar amino acid sequence. As a result, there is no viscious side effects occur. Hence, no allergic action occur.

新药的研制成功可以说是为这些糖尿病患者带来了希望。胰岛是一种再生很慢的细胞组织。糖尿病患者的胰岛没有足够能力再生β细胞。这种药物不仅使血糖水平保持正常,而且胰脏的胰岛还再生了负责分泌胰岛素的β细胞。








[ 本帖最后由 Jec 于 7-10-2007 02:55 PM 编辑 ]
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发表于 8-10-2007 01:51 AM | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 Jec 于 7-10-2007 02:52 PM 发表
我来啦。。。我将接下去提供Suggested Answers予去年的STPM Biology试卷2的问题。衔接上题。现已来到第4题 (关于胰岛素的):
4.
(a)
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

(b)   Liver.

(c)
&#129; ...


谢啦,这样就有答案参考了。
什么时候再发一些问题来让大家尝试一下?
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发表于 8-10-2007 05:56 PM | 显示全部楼层
Essay那一部分,只须找一下参考书,不会难倒大家的。所以我不post上来咯。Essay的答案很长,若有人volunteer做做看,当然最好啦!

Ok...让我分享一下我的题目库。

The diagram shows the process of filtration in the kidney.



(a) Use information in the diagram and your own knowledge of how the kidney works to
explain why:
(i) protein molecules are not normally present in urine;
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii) glucose molecules are not normally present in urine.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

(b) An athlete trained for two hours on a hot summer’s day. At the end of the training
session, the athlete had a higher concentration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in his
blood than at the start of the training session.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

  大家请试一试吧。。。
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发表于 8-10-2007 06:11 PM | 显示全部楼层
我skip一题才给答案。这样你们才不会马上瞧见。嘻嘻!

The graph shows the relative concentrations of progesterone and hormone X in the blood of a
person during a pregnancy. These two hormones help to ensure that the embryo is not aborted.



(a) (i) Name hormone X.
...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii) The increased secretion of hormone X causes the corpus luteum to remain and to
continue releasing progesterone.
What is the cause of the change in the concentration of progesterone between
points A and B?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(b) Describe, in the correct order, how changes in the concentration of progesterone and
oxytocin help to cause birth.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

*******************************************************************

嘿嘿,上题答案在这里:



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