北京和新德里谁才是：世界污染之都？？？

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http://news.yahoo.com/delhi-beij ... d-39-045844032.html
Smog and fog envelop the Rajpath, the ceremonial boulevard, behind, as a police man, center, controls traffic in the morning in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2014. On bad days in India’s congested capital, the air is so murky it slows traffic to a crawl because visibility is so poor. Conversations are punctuated with rasping coughs. Weak bands of sunlight filter through a grainy sky. (AP Photo/Tsering Topgyal)

上图，雾霾包围了国王大道，这可是国家庆典时使用的大道，2014年2月5日清晨，在大道后方的中间，一名警察正在指挥着印度新德里的交通。对于拥堵的印度首都来说，最近的日子可不好过，由于空气太过模糊，能见度很低，令到交通异常缓慢。人们的对话伴随着刺耳的咳嗽声。阳光穿过斑驳不清的天空，显得非常微弱。（美联社图）

NEW DELHI (AP) — Think twice before taking a deep breath in New Delhi, where worsening air pollution has drawn comparisons with Beijing, the world's pollution poster child.

On bad days in India's congested capital, the air is so murky it slows traffic to a crawl. Conversations are punctuated with rasping coughs. Weak bands of sunlight filter through a grainy sky.

Air monitoring sensors around the landlocked Indian capital have routinely registered levels of small airborne particles at "hazardous" levels in recent months — three to four times New Delhi's own sanctioned limit, rivaling Beijing.

美联社新德里消息—如果想在新德里深呼吸一下，请三思而后行，新德里的空气污染日益恶化，已经可以和世界污染的典型：北京相比较。

对于拥堵的印度首都来说，最近的日子可不好过，由于空气太过模糊，能见度很低，令到交通异常缓慢。人们的对话伴随着刺耳的咳嗽声。阳光穿过斑驳不清的天空，显得非常微弱。

遍布印度首都的大气质量检测仪器在最近几个月都显示大气中的颗粒物含量为“危险”级别，超过了新德里制定标准的3到4倍，足以和北京媲美。

While it's uncertain which city has worse smog — there are various toxins to measure and methods differ, among other things — one thing is clear: China's capital is taking steps to improve air quality but New Delhi hasn't done much in recent years to tackle the problem, largely because there's been little public outcry.

Doctors overwhelmingly agree that more people in New Delhi are getting sick from the air pollution, although there is scant data to show it. Air pollution is proven to exacerbate chronic lung ailments, and there is mounting evidence it also leads to stress, coronary diseases and inflammation.

"It seems incredible that the politicians and judges living in Delhi would not be worried about how their families and children are suffering from the bad air," said Dr. K. Srinath Reddy, head of the Public Health Foundation of India. "People have to recognize the extent of the damage happening. That's where the outrage will come in. That's when the action will happen."

现在还不能确定这两个城市哪个的雾霾更严重，因为两地对各种毒素的衡量和界定不一样，还有其他的一些不同，但是有一件事是确定的：中国的首都正在对改善空气质量采取措施，而新德里在近几年并没有为大气污染做过什么，很大程度上是因为在新德里有小范围的强烈抗议。

医生们普遍认为越来越多的人由于新德里的大气污染而患病，尽管很少有这方面的数据统计。大气污染已经被证明会加剧慢性肺部疾病，而很多证据也证明了大气污染会导致人有压力，管状动脉疾病以及引起炎症。

印度公共卫生基金会主席，K·瑞迪博士表示：“很难相信那些住在新德里的官员们，竟然不会为他们的家人和孩子正在遭受大气污染的伤害而担心。民众们应该意识到这种伤害的范围正在扩大。那么大气问题才会引起民愤，到时政府就会有所行动了。”

Indians burn the leftover food after a wedding in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2014. New Delhi's worsening air pollution has drawn comparisons with Beijing, the world's pollution poster child. (AP Photo/Tsering Topgyal)

上图，2014年2月5日，一群印度人正在烧煮婚宴过后剩余的食物。（美联社图）

This week, Reddy co-chaired the first meeting of a new Health Ministry committee, formed two months ago with academics, officials and health workers, tasked with recommending ways to protect the public from dirty air.

Their report is due in a year.

Comparing pollution levels between the two megacities, home to a combined 29 million people, seems natural given their iconic status representing Asia's opportunity and growth. They both have gone through breakneck economic development that has transformed their landscapes within a generation, raising living standards but also spewing out loads of pollution.

本周，瑞迪博士共同主持了一个新成立的卫生部委员会的第一次会议，这个委员会成立于两个月前，由学者，官员和医护工作者组成，委员会的职责是为防止公众受大气毒害建言献策。

委员会的报告有效期是一年。

对比两个特大城市的污染水平，这两个城市是2900万人的家园，似乎很自然就会给予这两个城市亚洲机遇和发展的标志性地位。两城的经济都有了爆发式的发展，而且用一代人的时间就改变了城市的面貌，生活水平也不断提高，但是同时也制造出了大量的污染。

Decades of policies that favored economic decisions over environmental concerns have taken their toll. Cars now represent the middle-class dream for thousands digging out of poverty, and decades of booming construction has kicked up countless clouds of dust.

There are various ways to measure pollution, but comparisons have generally focused on the microscopic particulate matter, sometimes called black carbon or soot, which can lodge in a person's lungs and fester over time.

几十年来优先发展经济而忽略环境保护的政策已经让他们付出了代价。脱贫的民众希望拥有汽车，实现中产梦，而几十年来爆发性的建设则制造了巨量的灰尘。

有很多种方法来测量污染程度，但是人们通常只注重比较空气中的细颗粒物数量，有时我们叫这些黑碳粉或者煤烟，它们会进入人体的肺部，而且会在一段时间后腐败。


Smog and fog envelop the Indian Presidential Palace, behind, as commuters cross a street in the morning in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2014. On bad days in India’s congested capital, the air is so murky it slows traffic to a crawl because visibility is so poor. Conversations are punctuated with rasping coughs. Weak bands of sunlight filter through a grainy sky. (AP Photo/Tsering Topgyal)

上图，雾霾包围了印度总统府广场，在早晨的雾霾中，印度的上班族正在穿过马路。

In New Delhi, levels of PM 10 — particulate matter that is 10 micrometers in size — have routinely bounced around 400 micrograms per cubic meter the past several months. That's four times the city's legal limit of 100, and well above the World Health Organization's recommended limit of 20. In 2011, the average level rose to about 280.

In Beijing, average annual PM 10 levels have declined to just above 100 last year, according to the Center for Science and Environment, a Delhi-based research and advocacy group that crunched the official numbers.

The Chinese capital is way ahead of its Indian counterpart in terms of in informing citizens about the dangers of pollution. Beijing has launched a health alert system that advises caution on smoggy days, and the term PM 2.5 — particles even smaller than PM 10 and considered more dangerous to health — has become a common part of the vocabulary among citizens, with many checking smartphone apps for the hourly readings.

在新德里，空气测量的级别是pm10，即以10微米的颗粒物为测量对象，最近几个月，新德里测得的数值一直是在每立方米400微克左右。这是这个城市所定空气标准的4倍，也大大超过了世卫组织所定的20微克标准。2011年，印度的平均大气污染数值达到了280微克每立方米。

根据印度科学与环境中心的数据，北京去年的pm10平均数值已经降低到了100微克左右。这个中心是一个位于新德里的研究和游说团体，专门处理官方数据。

中国首都在向市民公示大气污染危害信息方面也大大领先新德里。北京建立了一个健康预警系统，用以向市民提示注意雾霾天气，而pm2.5的测量标准，也比pm10来的更加精准和更关乎健康，pm2.5也成为了北京市民的常用词汇，中国还在智能手机上推出了很多可以每小时更新显示pm2.5数值的手机软件。

During high alert times, schools may be closed, industries shut down and government vehicles taken off the roads.

New Delhi has no such alert system or emergency protocols. While the city recently began offering smog data online, power cuts can cause gaps in real-time reporting. And experts say many among the migrant-heavy population are unlikely to see or understand the information.

在高能预警的时候，学校可能会停课，工厂会停工，而政府公车也会停驶。

新德里没有这样的预警系统，或者是紧急应对机制。虽然新德里在最近也开始在网上发布雾霾数据，但是停电会导致显示出的数据过时。专家还表示很多贫困的印度农民工不大有可能看到或者是懂得这些数据信息。


Vehicles move past a Delhi Metro construction site, right, in the morning in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2014. On bad days in India's congested capital, the air is so murky it slows traffic to a crawl because visibility is so poor. Conversations are punctuated with rasping coughs. Weak bands of sunlight filter through a grainy sky. (AP Photo/Tsering Topgyal)

上图。车辆正在绕过一处新德里地铁施工工地。

"It is the state's responsibility to inform people about pollution dangers," said Anumita Roychowdhury, research director at the Center for Science and Environment. "People need to know what they're breathing, even if only so they can demand better."

Beijing has also launched aggressive control measures, from limiting the number of cars that ply its roads to sanctioning punishments against factories that fail environmental standards.

New Delhi, however, has seen little action since enacting a set of reforms over a decade ago, which included moving industry beyond city limits, building a subway and switching public transportation to cleaner-burning fuel.

印度科学和环境中心的研究主任阿纽米塔表示：“政府有责任向民众公布污染的危害，民众应该知道他们正在呼吸什么样的空气，即使他们不能要求空气质量更好。”

北京还推出了一套有效的大气质量控制措施，比如限制上路的汽车数量，制裁和惩罚环保要求不达标的工厂。

然而新德里在十几年前制定了一些改革措施后就鲜有动作了，当年的改革包括迁移不符合标准的工厂，修建地铁和让公共交通使用更清洁的燃料。

Indian authorities are touchy about comparisons between the two cities, and point to seasonal factors, such as when winds die down in the winter and let pollution pool over the capital. But Beijing experiences a rise in pollution once people start burning coal for heat while Delhi's homeless turn to burning wood and piles of trash.

"It is scientifically wrong to compare Delhi and Beijing. The way of measuring (pollution) is different. The cities' weather dynamics are different," said M.P. George, who heads air monitoring with six citywide sensors for the Delhi Pollution Control Committee in addition to five managed by federal authorities.

Regardless of which city is worse, experts warn that pollution is a serious health hazard. Globally, pollution-related diseases kill 3.2 million people each year, with two-third in developing Asia, according to the 2012 multi-institutional report titled the Global Burden of Disease.

印度当局对两个城市的比较很是敏感，并且把原因归结到气候因素上面，比如他们说是因为冬季几乎没风，导致了污染集中在了首都。但是北京之所以会污染上升是因为市民们在冬天烧煤取暖，而新德里的流浪汉们烧木材和垃圾取暖。

印度联邦政府管理着德里5个大气监测仪器，而德里污染控制委员会在全市则设有6个大气监测仪器，负责人是乔治，他表示：“从科学方面上说，那新德里和北京做比较是错误的。因为两者对大气污染的测量是不同的。两个城市的“气候动力学”也是不一样的。

且不管哪个城市更加糟糕，专家们警告大气污染是一种严重的健康威胁。全球每年有320万人死于和污染有关的疾病，而当中三分之二的受害者来自于亚洲发展中国家，数据来源于一份多方研究机构的报告，题目是《全球的疾病负担》。

In New Delhi and other major Indian cities, "we are seeing more patients than we saw before, especially children" with recurring nose, throat and chest infections, said Dr. Sundeep Salvi of the Chest Research Foundation in the southern city of Pune. Such infections can inhibit lung growth — another problem area for India.

A study published in the Lancet medical journal in October showed the lung capacity of nonsmoking Indian adults is just two-thirds that of North America and Europe. The study did not analyze various factors, from pollution to nutrition, that might account for the difference, but doctors unaffiliated with the study said they believed air pollution was likely a major cause.

"If pollution continues to get worse, today's children may have even less lung capacity," Salvi said.

印度南部城市蒲那的胸腔研究基金会博士沙尔韦表示：“在新德里和其他印度大城市，我们看到比以前多的多的病人，特别是儿童鼻部，咽喉和胸腔的反复感染情况比以前多了。这些感染会抑制肺部的发育，这将是印度将要面临的另一问题。”

去年十月在医学杂志《柳叶刀》上曾发表了一篇研究论文，文中数据显示不吸烟的印度成年人肺活量只有欧美成年人的三分之二。论文并没有分析各种原因，只是指出可能是营养不良造成的两者差异，但是医生们有自己的看法，他们认为大气污染很可能是主要原因。

沙伟尔说：“如果污染持续恶化下去，现在的儿童可能肺活量会更少。”

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评论~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thomas H 1 day ago 6 35
I have been to both countries and a huge difference between the two, I use to think India's problems were mainly due to the huge population but after recently spending a year in China I realized that is not the case. India seems pretty hopeless as things in general seem to have gotten worse there since I first visited 25 years ago while in China it is the opposite generally speaking. I was impressed with how organized and professionally the Chines are with India forget it!
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中国，印度我都去过，两国之间有巨大差异，我以前认为印度的问题主要是人口过多的问题，但是我最近在中国呆了1年以后，发现人口并不是问题。我在25年前就第一次去印度，印度似乎非常没有希望，什么都似乎越来越差，而中国则是完全相反的。我对中国人的组织纪律和专业性印象非常深刻，印度，呵呵。

fan
fan 2 days ago 7 25
But, who cares! India is world's largest democracy! India controls her population growth better than China. Indian women are freer. India is lifting more poor people out of poverty. Indian people are living longer than Chinese.

What? The real world is actually different? But, But, India has democracy!
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这些东西谁在乎啊！印度是世界上最大的民主国家！印度的人口控制比中国好。印度女人更自由。印度带领了更多的人脱贫。印度人的寿命比中国人长。

什么？真实的情况是完全不一样的？但是。。。哦。。但是。。。印度有民主！

Alex
Alex 1 day ago 7 5
OMG, this news is from Yahoo? OMG, China doesn't win on this pollution issue? This can't be true. Everything related to China is supposed to be negative. I am gonna write a complaint letter to Yahoo.
Even though the air pollution in India is much worse, you never hear US news say anything about it. BUT, my friends, when Beijing has the smog last year, every piece of news is about that.
American media or government is just as evil as China communist party.
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老天啊，这条是雅虎的新闻？老天啊，中国没有赢得污染的胜利？这肯定是假新闻。任何和中国有关的新闻都应该是负面的。我要向雅虎寄一封投诉信。

即便是印度的大气污染糟糕的多，你也绝不会在美国新闻媒体上看到这些。但是，伙计们，当去年北京一有雾霾，每条新闻都在写这事儿。

美国媒体和政府就和中共一样邪恶。

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W 1 day ago 7 27
This news is the first time to compare India and China and the true is India is alot worse than China. This is the news the media, especially the anti-China elements try to avoid because they want to paint that China is the worse than India. They often downplay the negative in India but exaggerate the negative in China. I am not bashing or praising any country but to tell the truth. The anti-China elements are the most selfish and dangerous people who careless nothing but filled with lies and bias information about China. They love to fool people with their lies and distorted news about China.
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这条新闻第一次对比了印度和中国，而且事实上印度比中国差劲太多了。这就是新闻和媒体，特别是那些反华势力企图逃避的，因为他们总是想把中国描绘的比印度还糟糕。他们总是淡化印度的负面形象，但是强化中国的负面形象。我不是在抨击或者赞扬哪个国家，只是在说事实而已。反华势力是最自私和危险的人群，他们不在乎任何事情，只是对中国充满了偏见和谎言。他们热衷于用谎话和被扭曲的中国新闻来愚弄人们。

daniel
daniel 2 days ago 2 22
Apparently Asia is becoming a continent where breathing is getting to be a hard thing to do.
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很显然亚洲正在成为一片难以呼吸的大陆。

Dave
Dave 1 day ago 1 6
I don't see what the surprise is, according to Wikipedia, there are an average of 15,000 people per square mile in New Delhi. Beijing has a sparce 3,000 people per square mile. On the other hand New York City is listed as having 27,000 per square mile. NYC is by no means concidered a clean place, but compared to the other two, it is practically surgury room sterile.
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这没什么好奇怪的，根据维基百科上的数据，在新德里，每平方英里平均有15000人。而北京每平方英里是3000人。另一方面，纽约市每平方英里是27000人。纽约绝对不是一个干净的地方，但是和另外两个城市相比，他算是无菌空间了。

W
W 2 days ago 6 20
Where is this journalist coming from? For the first time that the media is finally comparing the pollution situation between two capital cities, one from India and one from China. The result is clear and the winner is Beijing. This must really #$%$ off the anti-China elements who love to use China as scapegoat for all pollution problem in the world. Now you know who is the worse polluted place in the world. My friend doing business in both Beijing and Delhi has been saying that the pollution problem in Delhi is far worse than that in Beijing for long long time but the media has never publicize that for the purpose of anti-China agenda.
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这篇报道的记者是哪里人？媒体终于对比了两个首都的污染情况，一个是印度的，一个是中国的。结果很明确，北京是胜利者。这肯定给了那些反华势力一个响亮的耳光，他们热衷于把中国作为世界污染问题的替罪羊。现在你们知道了世界上污染最严重的地方在哪了吧。我有一个朋友在北京和新德里做生意，他很久很久以前就说过，新德里的污染问题要比北京严重很多，但是媒体从来没有报道过这些，这是反华代理人的目的。

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xuna 1 day ago 2 6
I have to admit that while I am sad that India is having a similar issue with pollution, I am floored by the fact that this is not an anti-China bashing article. Is this yahoo news? Id the really the associated press? Can it be a story where China is not the worst most evil place in the world? I should start counting stars.
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虽然有点难过，但是我不得不承认印度也有了类似的污染问题，我很震惊这竟然不是一篇抨击中国的反华文章。这真的是雅虎新闻吗？这真的是美联社发出的吗？不再说中国是世界上最差劲和最邪恶的国家了？

我应该去数数星星了。。

killer hunk 1 day ago 2 22
I live in New Delhi and i must confess that air pollution is worst here. its because of many reasons but one of the main factor is heavy construction going on in Delhi like construction of bridges, public infra etc. But its also true that our govt hardly cares about pollution at all whereas China is taking very aggressive steps.
Most of time i have cough and cold. Few months back i had a trip to Europe and i was amazed to see that i had no cough or cold while i was in Europe. As soon as i reached delhi, i had same problem again. But pollution will only get worst in Delhi whereas Beijing will survive. Thanks to our politicians !!!
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我住在新德里，我必须承认这里的大气污染很严重。这其中有很多原因，但是一个主要原因是因为德里正在进行很多大建设项目的施工，比如立交桥，公共项目等等。但同样有个事实是，我们的政府根本很难兼顾污染问题，而中国正在推出积极的治污措施。
大部分时间我都会咳嗽和感冒。几个月前我去欧洲旅行，我惊讶的发现自己在欧洲时，咳嗽和感冒没有了。而当我一回到新德里，我的老病就又犯了。但是污染问题在新德里会越来越严重，而在北京会有改善。感谢我们的政客！！！

Pax Romana 2 days ago 4 18
London until the 1960s were very famous for the fog that blanketed the capital. It finally went away after the North Sea oil and gas were used to warm and power the homes of British isle. Culprit-Coal burning in every home and industry...

China is mirroring the due elopement of 19th Century Industrial Revolution Britain. New founded wealth powering a wave of rapid development, middle class formation, along with all it's trappings of pollution, moral issues. Looks like at least Beijing citizens are working towards a solution. India on the other hand seems to have stuck in the caste system and corruption and unable to act.
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直到60年代以前，伦敦还是一个非常有名的雾霾城市，雾霾覆盖了这个首都。在用上了北海的石油和天然气为英伦主岛供电和供暖之后，雾霾终于散去了。工业用和家用烧煤是产生雾霾的罪魁祸首。

中国就是19世纪英国工业革命时的镜子。新近创造出的财富驱动着一波快速发展，还有中产阶级的形成，这一切都伴随着污染和道德问题。似乎至少北京市民正在齐心协力去解决问题。另一方面，印度似乎深陷在种姓制度和贪污腐败之中，而不能去采取行动。

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WhoDat 1 day ago 0 6
I've been to Delhi. Don't breath, eat, or drink and you should be fine. Also no swimming in the water. And bath in hand sanitizer.
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我去过新德里。别在那呼吸，吃东西或者喝水，那样你会没事的。还有别在水里游泳，用洗手液洗澡。

fan 2 days ago 3 6
Media! Where are world's top 10 most polluted cities? Are they in China? No, they are NOT!
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媒体们！世界上污染最严重的十个城市在哪里？在中国吗？不，一个都不在中国！

What I'd known, India do not eat Beef and China love to eat Dog meat, China eat anything that moves, that all smokes came from. LOL
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据我所知，印度不吃牛肉，而中国喜欢吃狗肉，中国吃任何会动的东西，那就是烟雾的来源。

playgame

第一次见到yahoo这么理智的评论

WipeYourEyes

都一样污染严重！

punkobin

大自然的反扑会越来越严重的

devilredcantona

都是abang adik啦

stevesing7837

满严重下。。。。。。

九九勇男

devilredcantona 发表于 9-2-2014 08:30 AM
都是abang adik啦

你自己一人去和印度abang adik称兄道弟好了；不要拖累我们华人。

devilredcantona

强强黑心食物吃多了就是不一样
不要乱咬人啊

天崖阁

以北京这样先进的大城市应该要与首尔或者新加坡或者东京去比较。。。
干嘛要与civilization明显不足的印度比较呢？


苹果与花生的比较有何意义？

我的天使我的爱

都一样啦，没得争