怎么学习？

darksider

[版主好，首先很抱歉，以下的文章是我在一个英文论坛所写的，我觉得它可能会帮到一些同学所以我就开个新帖]

Most students tend to jump onto the bandwagon that doing a lot of exercises would make them understand certain topics better. It is not about quantity when it comes to learning, it is up to the quality you have.
If you understand certain topics, you will have no problems doing any questions,even very hairy problems. However, if you don't understand the topic well, even if you have done 100 questions, chances are that you would not be able to solve complicated questions which test your understanding.

There are two types of learners, namely holistic learner and shallow learner. Holistic learner is the one who has very strong and logical understanding about certain topics but shallow learner uses rote memory.
It is without doubt that most students resort to rote memory learning today because it is one of the easiest and at the same time, one of the most ineffective and time-consuming learning process. For example, shallow learners, while learning PA kertas 1, they tend to memorise all the facts instead of understanding them. By understanding I mean knowing the intuition behind something you learn.

I found that our brain will only remember things that come with logical reasons. The stronger the reasons, the longer it will remember. For example, if your friend tells you that A = B and and he explains why A = B, you would remember it with ease but if he never explains the intuition behind, your brain will struggle in remembering (such is the problem in rote memory learning).

Sorry if I've rambled too long at this point. I'm now going to introduce you some learning strategy I've been using.

1)Always understand the intuition behind something that you learn.
For example, learn how to derive certain formulae instead of memorising them.
Let say for a chemical reaction - aA + bB <---> cC + dD
Its equilibrium constant, Keq = [C]^c . [D]^d / [A]^a . [B]^b

Why should we time the exponent a for [A]? Have your teachers ever taught you how do they derive Keq? I guess most teachers don't.
If you want to know how, go here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONBJo7dXJm8&feature=fvsr

2)Use your internal dialogue to learn.
Internal dialogue is the sentences that people tell themselves and the debate that often goes on "inside their head" a form of self-talk, or inner speech.
You talk to yourself on how to solve a certain question, when you are making decisions or when you are choosing which path to go in future and so on and so forth and in the end you choose. So internal dialogue is something that we do since the moment we are born. So how are you going to use it in your learning process? Well, whenever you come across any topics that are mind-blowing, you must use internal dialogue to learn. You must try to give yourself some reasons why something occurs, why is it so, why is that so and so on. Even if your reasons are ludricous, so be it. The stronger the opinions you have towards that certain topic, the better is your understanding and your memory towards that particular subject. The important thing is that you keep talking to yourself about that topic until your brain accepts it without a shadow of doubt.
*The more logical is your reasons, the better your brain can accept and thus remember for a long time.

3)Learn with heart
Perhaps this is the element that most students lack-the passion to study.
A student without heart will have to force himself to learn subjects being taught. Hence, he has to struggle to make himself learn and he of course would not be talking to himself about these subjects so he wouldn't remember much of it. Imagine if you talk to yourself about those academic subjects you learn, everything would be at your fingertips.

Students who learn with heart will always find learning easy. They would never have problems in learning, even when they have, they would happily solve it without hurry and worry. A student with heart does not have to force himself to learn. Even when learning is difficult, students with heart will not have any problems but students without heart would have headaches.

4) Always understand how something works first before attempting any questions.
Such is the case with vectors, deductive geometry and many math topics which base a lot in understanding rather than simple calculations (matrix).
As emphasised by all the points before, understanding is of pivotal importance. You must make sure you have understood those concepts before you attempt any questions. Doing questions without comprehension is nothing more than bumping your head against the wall. Those examiners who set questions essentially want to test your understanding on certain topics. They are not going to award A to students who don't understand the concepts. For easy questions, even if you don't understand the concepts , you still can do. But how about long questions and hairy questions?

5) Don't memorise unless no other options
Believe me or not, memorising is the harder than understanding. This is because memorising is not supported by reasons.Things that are not supported by reasons is usually short term. Memorising is different from using internal dialogue. You ground yourself, trick yourself into believing something strongly with internal dialogue and most of the time they are supported by logical reasons or maybe stupid reasons. But memorising is not supported by reasons at all. Therefore, stop doing it and use internal dialogue.

6)Be light and fluid
When learning something, always leave out all your pre-conception. This is to make your brains taking up the concepts easily, it's like a little tricking process that helps trick your mind. If you are very pre-occupied, no matter what the books say or teachers say , you can hardly take it so chances are that you will not be able to grab something taught.

7)Terminology
You might come across many words which you don't know what they mean. In this case, you should quickly check dictionary to avoid any misconceptions. Your brain likes everything to be as clear as possible.

8 )Make everything as clear as possible
Make everything that is unclear clearer. The brain likes things that are clear and with certainty. When your conception about certain things is unclear, there are only guesses and this is not the case with studying. A good student makes sure that everything is clear. He doesn't leave anything to chances.

9)Learn to visualise
While learning using internal dialogue, learn to visualise things that you are learning. To be good in learning one has to be very imaginative. Visualising will help you remember something much better.

exam tip
Avoid being habitual
Always be prepared for new challenges. Don't expect all questions to be familiar or some sorts of questions you usually encounter. To avoid being habitual, you have to be aware of everything. In PA exams, in math exams, read all questions real carefully and understand what they want before you attempt to solve them. Use some logic in your thinking to solve them. Most of the questions in STPM these years are tricky because they want you to really understand. They don't set straightforward questions already because they want you to think. This is what a marker of PA told me. Always analyse the questions carefully before you start doing. Know what they want and give what they want and they will give you what you want.

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Everyone studies differently. You should choose whatever methods that suit you best. Good luck. [Click thanks if I've helped you to show some appreciation, thanks]
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If you are looking for a very good tutor who can provide free and high quality education, go http://www.khanacademy.org or http://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy

Good luck.

[ 本帖最后由 darksider 于 7-10-2009 10:50 PM 编辑 ]

Cow爸Cow母

waa....
很不错下

hwa91

1，4还有5基本上讲的都差不多，就是要明白，不要背，第6个就曼难做到了，因为我经常都会会对那件事有些概念先的。

darksider

原帖由 hwa91 于 2009/10/7 11:06 PM 发表
1，4还有5基本上讲的都差不多，就是要明白，不要背，第6个就曼难做到了，因为我经常都会会对那件事有些概念先的。

有概念是好，但是最怕是错的概念。所以呢，在跟人学习时，最好是放下成见，只有这样才能吸收到那新知识。

peaceboy

原帖由 darksider 于 7-10-2009 11:12 PM 发表


有概念是好，但是最怕是错的概念。所以呢，在跟人学习时，最好是放下成见，只有这样才能吸收到那新知识。

赞同这句话，不过很难做到下......

hwa91

是咯，的确是要以开放的态度来学习，但是要放弃自己的那一套有时真的很难做到的。

premier66

3,4,7 比较难做...7 是懒惰...4 的话 就不太一样,比较喜欢从答案来了解, 3 的话就个人问题 ...其他的都okay

夜神锋

internal dialogue 不错下，或说给自己听，解释给自己听，也是很容易吸收的 ，我是这样读的，但要选对地方啦。。不然人家会以为你是。。。

darksider

原帖由 夜神锋 于 2009/10/25 01:55 AM 发表
internal dialogue 不错下，或说给自己听，解释给自己听，也是很容易吸收的 ，我是这样读的，但要选对地方啦。。不然人家会以为你是。。。

哈哈，你要是讲出来给人听到，或者就自己听到就好。
我都去停车场发挥的

@冰麒麟@

”internal dialogue “这个。。好像和刘世一老师讲的有关联。。因为大脑很喜欢“被问5 h 1 h的问题”。。所以自问自答...的效果好像就在这里


http://www.smartstudyroom.com/1995